xviii AGRICULTURAL BULLETIN 



and with instructions concerning the more important terms contained 

 in the foregoing provision of law, which were essentially as given below: 



Farm. — A "farm" for census purposes is all the land which is directly 

 farmed by one person managing and conducting agricultural operations, 

 either by his own labor alone or with the assistance of members of his 

 household or hired employees. The term "agricultural operations" is 

 used as a general term referring to the work of growing crops, producing 

 other agricultural products, and raising animals, fowls, and bees. A 

 "farm" as thus defined may consist of a single tract of land, or of a number 

 of separate and distinct tracts, and these several tracts may be held 

 under different tenures, as where one tract is owned by the farmer and 

 another tract is hired by him. Further, when a landowner has one or 

 more tenants, renters, croppers, or managers, the land operated by each 

 is considered a "farm." 



In applying the foregoing definition of a "farm" for census purposes, 

 enumerators were instructed to report as a "farm!' any tract of 3 or more 

 acres used for agricultural purposes, no matter what the value of the 

 products raised upon the land, or the amount of labor involved in 

 operating the same in 1909. In addition, they were instructed to report 

 in the same manner all tracts containing less than 3 acres which either 

 produced at least $250 worth of farm products in the year 1909, or on 

 which the continuous services of at least one person were expended. 

 The enumerators were further instructed to return farm schedules for all 

 institutions which conducted agricultural operations, but to report as 

 the farms of such institutions only the lands which were actually used 

 by them for agricultural operations. 



Farmer. — A "farmer" or a "farm operator," according to the census 

 definition, is a person who directs the operation of a farm. Hence owners 

 of farms who do not themselves direct the farm operations are not re- 

 ported as "farmers." Farmers are divided by the Bureau of the Census 

 into three general classes, according to the character of their tenure, 

 namely, farm owners, farm tenants, and farm managers. 



Farm owners include (1) farmers operating their own land only, and 

 (2) those operating both their own land and some land hired from others. 



Farm tenants are farmers who, as tenants, renters, or croppers, operate 

 hired land only. They were reported in 1910 in three classes: (1) Share 

 tenants — those who pay a certain share of the products, as one-half, one- 

 third, or one-quarter; (2) share-cash tenants — those who pay a share of 

 the products for part of the land rented by them and cash for part, as 

 cash for pasture or garden and a share of all the crops grown on plowed 

 land; and (3) cash tenants — those who pay a cash rental or a stated 

 amount of labor or products, such as $7, 10 bushels of wheat, or 100 pounds 

 of cotton per arce. All tenants who did not specify whether they rented 

 for cash or for a share of the products, or both, are tabulated as having 

 "tenure not specified.". 



Managers are farmers who are conducting farm operations for the 

 owner for wages or a salary. 



