ELEVENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X 521 



Diffuse glanders manifests itself in a diffuse catarrh in the nasal 

 cavil y and neighboring cavities, with various results. 



In the lungs both the nodular and diffuse forms are found. In- 

 filtrated glanders of the lungs forms tumors from the size of a 

 walnut to that of a child's head. 



The nodules of glanders of the skin vary in size from a hemp seed 

 to a pea. The nodules in the subcutis are inflammatory tumors 

 the size of a pea up to that of a hen's egg. They change into a 

 large abcess and burst outward. Of the organs, the spleen most 

 suffers from diseased changes in glanders. At times, the following 

 organs are affected: The liver, kidneys, testicles, brain, muscles, 

 heart as well as the bones. 



Seroulcerous disintegration of the respiratory mucous membrane 

 is the atomical change of acute glanders. The early stages of 

 chronic glanders usually escapes notice, as the disease usually runs 

 a course of months and even years. The first symptom is a uni- 

 lateral, or more rarely a bilateral, nasal discharge, which begins in 

 the form of dirty white mucus. 



Nodules and ulcers may not appear until a late stage of the dis 

 ease. Swellings of the submaxilliary lymph glands, at first some- 

 what diffused, are symptoms. The state of nutrition becomes vis- 

 ibly impaired. The patient loses condition and becomes quickly 

 fatigued when worked. Occasional patients suffer from irregular 

 and intermittent fever. Glanders of the skin does not so often oc- 

 cur in chronic glanders as in acute glanders. 



Acute glanders is comparatively rare in horses, being about 10 

 per cent of all the cases. It is, however, the usual form in monkeys 

 and their hybrids. 



Inoculated glanders, as a rule, assume an acute type. The affec- 

 tion begins with rigors and high fevers. The progress is usually se- 

 vere, and has an unvariably fatal termination in from three to four- 

 teen days. 



The disposition of men to the disease of glanders is fortunately 

 small, and yet cases of human glanders are always occurring, espe- 

 cially among veterinary surgeons. The seat of infection is usually 

 in the hands, the nasal mucous membrane, lips and conjunctiva. 

 After the inoculation stage of from three to five days, the seat 

 of infection first swells and becomes painful; then swelling of the 

 lymphatic glands appear. Sometimes the first positive symptom is 

 febrile disturbance. In 50 per cent of the cases, there is nasal dis- 

 charge and ulcers on the nasal mucous membrane, also a character- 



