ELEVENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X 547 



are usually sufficient to cure the vast majority of cases without 

 complications, but those of the aggravated type must be handled 

 for a longer period and with a more penetrating and caustic solu- 

 tion. For this purpose one part of nitric acid in seven parts of 

 water, applied externally to the necrotic area only, will be found 

 very efficacious and easily applied to the most severe cases. 



Experience has shown that sound sheep may be safely pastured 

 on land that has previously been occupied by animals sufferiug 

 from lip and leg ulceration if the winter's frosts have been allowed 

 to intervene. The germs of the disease seem to be effectively sub- 

 dued by this means, and pastures which have become contaminated 

 one season may be considered safe for their customary usage during 

 the following season. The pens, corrals and sheds, however, must 

 be carefully disinfected to prevent the recurrence of the disease, 

 as these bacilli will retain their virulence under suitable conditions 

 in and around the sheep fold for several years. The walls, racks 

 and troughs should be sprinkled with a solution containing one 

 pound of pure carbolic acid to four gallons of water, to which 

 enough lime has been added to make the sprayed area conspicuous. 

 The manure and a portion of the surface soil ol the corrals should 

 be removed and the ground sprinkled with the above solution, or 

 a similar disinfectant. 



Stomatitis aphtiosa sporadic apthae of the oral 

 mucous membrane. 



By Dr. F. H. Hollingsworth. 



In veterinary medicine, the name of aphthae is given to vesicles on 

 the oral mucous membrane, which are produced by an accumulation of 

 serum under the epithelium of the mucous membrane. It has been known 

 from remote times as "Sporadic Aphthae" and its causes are most prob- 

 ably fungi which attacks forage, particularly those that infect clover. 

 These and other infective fungi produce in some cases a catarrhal, in 

 others an aphthous, and sometimes even an ulcerous or croupy stomati- 

 tis. 



SYMPTOMS. 



The phenomena of aphthous stomatitis consists of the formation of 

 vesicles on the mucous membranes of the lips, cheeks, tongue and gums, 

 which vesicles are filled with serum, and are either isolated or massed 

 in large numbers. They usually burst in a short time and become 

 changed into congested sores which quickly heal. Besides these vesicles 



