ELEVENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X 565 



great pressure produced by the introduction of such great quantities of 

 blood under the skin. Again we have experienced more abscesses 

 from this method than any other; it is also more severe on the hog 

 and sometimes does not seem as sturdy and rugged as when other 

 methods are employed. Though in case of shortage of serum or larger 

 quantities of virulent blood on hand which can be used in the slow 

 method, it can be recommended. 



THE SLOW SUBCUTANEOUS METHOD. 



This method seems to have the advantage of the quick method in 

 being easier on the hog, causing less abscesses, and can be employed when 

 a shortage of virulent blood is experienced, though it requires a longer 

 time to produce a hyperimmune by this method than by the quick sub- 

 cutaneous. It is administered in three successive doses of one, two and 

 one-half and five cubic centimeters per pound body weight, from seven 

 to ten days apart. This gives the immune ample time to recover from 

 the transitory effects produced, and he seems to thriVe on this treat- 

 ment. The Iowa State Laboratory has employed this method more than 

 any other. A hog weighing one hundred and fifty pounds would require, 

 by this method, one hundred and fifty cubic centimeters for the first 

 dose, three hundred and seventy-five for the second, and seven hundred 

 and fifty for the third. 



INTRAPERITONEAL OR ABDOMINAL METHOD. 



This consists of introducing the virulent blood directly into the peri- 

 toneal cavity. The dose is the same as that of the quick, subcutaneous. 

 It leaves no enlargements on the abdomen, but one must be cautious in 

 this method to enter the peritoneal cavity without puncturing the 

 bladder. This method is best employed by suspending the immune by 

 his hind legs allowing the abdominal contents to rest on the diaphragm, 

 then inserting the needle through the wall of the abdomen about two 

 or three inches below the anterior border of the pubis and an inch or 

 two to the side of the median line to avoid puncturing the bladder. 



INTRAVENOUS METHOD, 



The virulent blood by this method is introduced directly into the 

 venous circulation via the ear vein at one dose. It requires five cubic 

 centimeters per pound body weight of the immune to produce a hyper- 

 immune and has the same advantage that the slow subcutaneous method 

 has 'because it can be employed when there is a scarcity of virulent blood. 

 We have experienced some difficulty at the Iowa State Laboratory with 

 this method being unable, at all times, to enter the vein. The ears of 

 some hogs are very coarse, and the vein scarcely visible. In such sub- 

 jects, we advise some other method be employed, though when possible 

 use the intravenous method as it has been said that the serum produced 

 by this method is, if any different from that of any other methods, a 

 trifle more potent. An immune weighing one hundred and fifty pounds 

 should receive seven hundred and fifty cubic centimeters of virulent 

 blood by this method. 



