610 IOWA DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 



get into the milk. Do not pour back into the bottle milk which has 

 been exposed to the air by being placed in other vessels. Keep the bottle 

 covered with a paper cap as long as milk is in it and when not actually 

 pouring from it. If the paper cap has been punctured, cover the bottle 

 with an inverted tumbler. 



Milk deteriorates by exposure to the air of pantry, kitchen, or nursery. 

 Do not expose uncovered milk in a refrigerator containing food of any 

 kind, not to mention strong-smelling foods like fish, cabbage, or onions. 

 An excellent way of serving milk on the table, from the sanitary stand- 

 point, is in the original bottle; at all events pour out only what will be 

 consumed at one meal. 



When milk is received in a bowl or pitcher instead of in a bottle, 

 observe the spirit of the foregoing remarks: Keep the vessel covered; 

 expose uncovered milk to the air of any room as little as possible; do 

 not expose it at all in a refrigerator. 



Remember that exposure of milk to the open air invites contamina- 

 tion not only from odors and bacteria-laden dust, but also from flies. 

 These scavengers may convey germs of typhoid fever or other contagious 

 diseases from the sick room or from excreta to the milk. 



Records show typhoid epidemics from such a cause, and 100,000 fecal 

 bacteria have been found on a single fly. Flies also frequently convey to 

 milk large numbers of the bateria that cause intestinal disorders in 

 infants; an examination of 414 flies showed an average of 1,250,000 

 bacteria per fly. 



THE EEFEIGATOR. 



Keep the refrigerator clean and sweet. Personally inspect it at least 

 once a week. See that the outlet for water formed by the melting ice is 

 kept open and that the space under the ice rack is clean. The place 

 where food is kept should be scalded every week; a single drop of spilled 

 milk or a small particle of other neglected food will contaminate a re- 

 frigerator in a few days. 



CLEANING EMPTY BOTTLES AND UTENSILS. 



As soon as a milk bottle is empty rinse it in lukewarm water until 

 it appears clear, then set it bottom up to drain. Do not use it for any 

 other purpose than for milk. There is no objection to the consumer's 

 washing and scalding the milk bottle, but this is unnecessary,, as the 

 dealer will wash it again when it reaches his plant. He cannot, however, 

 do this properly if he receives the bottle in a filthy condition, and if you 

 return such a bottle your negligence may result in the subsequent deliv- 

 ery of contaminated milk to some consumer, possibly yourself. 



All utensils with which milk comes in contact should be rinsed, washed, 

 and scalded every time they are used. Use fresh water do not wash them 

 in dishwater which has been used for washing other utensils; or wipe 

 them with an ordinary dish towel — it is better to boil in clean water and 

 set them away unwiped. 



When a baby is bottle-fed, every time the feeding bottle and nipple 

 are used they should be rinsed in lukewarm water, washed in hot water, 



