IK'lsll ( ; \k|)I \l.\(; 



!.,■.., sh.iilf oi simslni..-. ili\ii.-ss .>! ni.MsMu.- ...,.,.. mil; 

 lo ihc'ir roi|iiircimMitN. TUcy can, owiii^ lo llu ir raisi-ii 

 potilioii. Ih? M'l-n .iiul li'iuK-ii in a maiiiuT more i-on- 

 iliicivc lo ihe comfort M tlic obscrviT and cullivalor 

 llmii woulil Ik- |>os«.il>lo if iluy were grown on ihc flat, - 



F. W. MiVRE. 



Sv>IL C'lLTlVATloN. -Tlie jfencial obiecl of all soil 

 cultivation is to make favourable coiulitions for the 

 growth of ilesirahle plants. In relation to (he soil, 

 propor conditions of moisture, heat and air must be 

 present. We cultivate the soil for the following 

 purposes: (I) To open up the soil. Plant roots must 

 be able to pusli their way through the soil and get food 

 from a large area for the best development, (j) To 

 conserve moisture. This is possibly the most impor- 

 t.mt eflVcl of cultivation in Montana. Soil moisture, of 

 use in plant growth, exists around the soil particles and 

 nunes from the wet to the dry place. To prevent 

 unnecessiiry evaporation and loss we must cultivate as 

 early as possible in the spring, as soon as possible after 

 rain, immediately behind the plough in spring ploughing, 

 and as soon as the soil is dry enough after irrigation. 

 (3) To raise the soil temperature : The warmer the soil 

 at planting time in the spring the more rapid the 

 germination and growth. By stopping evaporation 

 early spring cultivation raises the soil temperature. To 

 admit air : Plant roots and soil organisms require air 

 fo\- best development and activity. To destroy weeds 

 Weeds are soil robbers. Cultivate them out when they 

 are small and thus prevent their seeding.— Z/cZ/rr /V/z/V. 



Catalogues. 



.McKkn/.ik's Ml Ml »'.\i \Iau.i k, issued Irom ju r.re.it 

 Brunswick Street, Dublin, is a convenient little bi>ok 

 with descriptive lists of all the better known flowering 

 bulbs, including those f^?r early fvircing. 



Pllirr^ \NI> Ikki.a.NI) send us a neat lit lie catalogue 

 of Alpine plants. It gives an introductory essav on 

 how to maki*, plant, and kei-p up .1 rockery, which 

 ought to prove interesting reailing lo many amateurs. 



Hi i.n AM) NiRSKKV Catai.OGIE, issued by W. Tail 

 and Co., Capel Street, Dublin. This is a well illustr.ilid 

 descriptive list of jilants of interest to gardeners. 

 Cultuial directions are given for the guidatjce of 

 amateurs. As the title indicates, it includes fruit In . ■>. 

 roses, llowering and evergreen shrubs and climbers. 



"IIawi.MARK" Ko.sk Catalogi K, issued by ,\lex. 

 Dickson and Sons, Ltd., is a handsome, large-pagiil 

 book, clearly printed in green ink in large type, .md 

 illustrated with full page plates of new roses reproduced 

 in colour. It is indispensable to rosarians, while all 

 gardeners should secure a copy and keep it for 

 reference. 



Wat.son's Carnations (Clontarf, Dublin) is a cata- 

 logue that ought to be secured by all growers of these 

 plants. It is full of good things. We refer readers to 

 an article in the present issue on the cultiv.ition of 

 border carnations, written spi-cially at our rei]ucsl 



LISSADELL 

 DAFFODILS 



We are large growers of all 

 the best Daffodils — new, rare 

 I and standard varieties— and 

 are therefore in a position to 

 supply specially selected bulbs 

 of highest quality at moderate 

 prices. Our bulbs are now 

 famed for the production of 

 Exhibition blooms of good 

 substance, large size and 

 brilliant colour, our exhibits 

 having been awarded over 30 

 gold and silver medals at the 

 leading shows : : : : 



[ Write for our new illustrated 

 I and descriptive Price List : : 



J. A. COOPER 



LISSADELL ("D SLIGO 



Telephone : 38, Crawley 



CATALOGUES FREE 



J. CHEAL & SONS 



NURSERIES 110 ACRES 



ORNAMENTAL TREES, &c. Shrubs, 

 Rhododendrons, Climbing Plants, Forest 



Trees, &c. 



FRUIT TREES. An Immense Stock, true 

 to name, Healthy and Hardy 

 SEED DEPARTMENT. Vegetable, Flower 

 and Farm Seeds, Bulbs and Sundries 

 ROSES AND HARDY FLOWERS. Her- 

 baceous, Alpine and Rock Plants 



Landscape Gardeners, Garden 



Architects, &c. 



London Office for this Department 

 53 VICTORIA ST., WESTMINSTER, S.W. 



Work now in hand for the Bangor Urban District 

 Council, Co. Down ; Pembroke Urbnn District 

 Council, Dublin, and many others. 



J. CHEAL & SONS 



The Nurseries, CRAWLEY, Sussex 



