184 



IRISH GARDENING 



C. disticha, another Hlmalajan species, having 

 small rather pointed leaves furnished with a dense 

 tomentuni below. The fruits are very small, reddish, 

 and not very freely produced. 



C. Franchetii, introduced some years ago from 

 Yunnan by M. Maurice de Vilmorin, makes a pretty 

 shrub. The leaves are rather small, of a grey-green 

 colour, densely woolly on the under surface. The 

 fruits, which are freely produced, are bright orange 

 red. 



C. frigida, from the Himala\'a, is an old denizen of 

 our gardens, and still one of the best. The leaves are 

 large, oblong, and pointed, furnished with a woolly 

 tomentuni on the under surface. The flowers are pro- 

 duced in large corymbs, and are succeeded in autimin 

 by clusters of bright red berries, which are highly 

 ornamental. 



C. foveolata is a new species from China, of which 

 only young plants are in cultivation at Glasnevin. It 

 is apparently a strong grower, of rather erect habit. 

 The leaves, which are deciduous, are ovale or broadly 

 lance-shaped, and the fruits are described as black. 



C. horizontalis is an old favourite from the Himalaya, 

 and much used for furnishing walls, rock gardens. &c. 

 It is sub-evergreen, ticcasion.ill}' suffering from frost in 

 exposed places, but in sheltered localities is probably 

 quite evergreen. It is a small-leaved species, producing 

 its branches in a horizonial manner, and bearing a 

 good crop of bright red berries annually. 



C. humifusa is a comparatively new sort from China, 

 put in commerce some years ago by James Veitch & 

 Son. It is well adapted for rock-work, producing long 

 slender branches which creep over the surface of the 

 soil and among the rocks in quite a charming way. 

 It is evergreen, bearing pretty dark green leaves and 

 scarlet fruits. 



C. integerrima, a European species, bears round or 

 oval leaves, hairy on the under surface. It is a deci- 

 duous species, producing pinkisli flowei's in spring, 

 followed in autumn by pendulous red fruits. 



C. lanata, another deciduous species from the Hima- 

 laya. It has the merit of bearing bright red fruits in 

 the autumn and winter, for which reason it is valuable 

 at that time. 



C. Lindleyi, from the Himalaya, has i-oiuidish obo^ate 

 leaves, and bears black fruits in autumn. It is a 

 deciduous shrub, for general planting surpassed by a 

 number of other species. 



C microphylla, a well-known evergreen Himalayan 

 species, much used in rock gardens, in shrubberies, and 

 other places about the pleasure grounds. The leaves 

 are quite small, somewhat oval, and dark glossy green 

 above and hairj- on the lower side. Old plants are 

 nearly always in flower, and the bright red fruits are 

 freely produced. 



C. microphylla glacialis. often called C. congesta, is 

 a prostrate form of considerable merit for furnishing 

 banks and large rockwork. 



C. multiflora, an old species which has recently re- 

 ceived more attention, is one of the best for spring 

 effect. Il is deciduous, proilucing long, rather slender, 

 branches, which in spring produce many corymbs of 

 creamy white flowers. Grown as a standard, with a 

 clear stem four or five feet high, a very pretty effect is 

 produced. 



C. Nummularia, a European and .\siatic species, has 

 roundish leaves and whilish flowers, succeeded in 

 autumn by black fruits. It is pr.aciically deciduous and 

 has no very great ornamental value. 



C. pannosa. a Yunnanese species, bears consider- 

 able resemblance to C. Franchetii, alluded to above. 



The leaves are similar, of a grey-green colour, and the 

 small, red fruits are freely produced. 



C. rotundifolia is an old species from the Himalaya 

 and not surpassed for general use by any recent intro- 

 duction. The rather small leaves are roundish or 

 orbicular, dark green above, and rather woolly on the 

 lower side. The white flowers, borne in spring, are 

 followed in autumn by large, red fruits, when a well- 

 grown bush is very effective. 



C. rngosa Henryi, sent out by X'eilch, is a new 

 Chinese sort, which gives promise of being a handsome 

 shrub when well developed. It bears handsome, 

 wrinkled leaves, two to three inches long and about an 

 inch wide. Corymbs of whilish flowers are produced 

 in spring, and clusters of small, red fruits follow in 

 autumn. The plant is sub evergreen. 



C. salicifolia is a new species Irom Chin^i only 

 recently described. Spring plants three or iour years 

 old are in cultivation at Glasnevin, but have not yet 

 flowered. There would appear to be a good deal of 

 affinity among some of these new Chinese species since 

 the leaves now being produced on branches of the pre- 

 sent year of C. salicifolia var. rugosa differ entirely from 

 the early or juvenile stage, and hardly differ from those 

 of C. rugosa Henryi. It is probable that on the plants 

 becoming more mature some revision of the nomen- 

 clature may be necessary. 



C. Simonsii. .an old favourite from the Himalaya and 

 hardly requiring any descriplicn here. It is in general 

 use everywhere for walls, shrubberies and many other 

 purposes. Hardly ever failing to produce a crop of 

 fruits, which are highly ornamental, this sub-evergreen 

 species is yet one of the best. 



C. thymifolia, also Himalayan, is one of the best of 

 the small, low-growing kinds. The tiny, d.'irk green 

 leaves are white beneath, while the pink\- white flowers 

 produced in spring are followed in .ainnmn by scarlet 

 fruits. A low-growing, neat habited species eminently 

 suited for the choicest rock garden, being evergreen 

 and capable of a pleasing winter effect. 



C. newryensis, which originated in the fertile 

 nurseries of Mr. Thomas Smith at .N'ewry, is a giant 

 form of C. Simonsii. and has all the good qualiles of 

 that species combined with a robustness which makes 

 it valuable in less favourable localities. 



Hints to Amateurs. 



By K. M. Pollock. 



PRUNING .AND SPR.AYING will be the chief work 

 this nunth, and if done early we can all enjoy 

 our Christmas holiday with a clear conscience. 

 Take advantage of all bright, open days and make a 

 start at it, but do not prime in frosty weather, and 

 follow the directions in last month's issue. Where 

 young apple, pear or plum trees have been planted in 

 the garden. Ihey will require pruning either this or next 

 monlh. The most common form ^^ tree, and perhaps 

 also the most convenient, is the Bush. In bush trees of 

 apple .and pears all the wood (growth) in the centre 

 should be cut out anil all crossing branches removed. 

 .Ml side growths should be shortened to form spurs 

 where the fruit will eventually he. This leaves the 

 cent?-e open :ind ,a number '^^ branches bearing spurs 

 radiating from the base, all receiving plenty of light 

 and air. When all the pruning is done collect the 

 prunings, burn them, and slart spraying. On apples 

 and pe.ars where sptH and scab were present, a spray 

 consisting of a solution of "Bluestone" (sulphate of 

 copper) may be used. One pound of bluestone to 



