IRISH GARDENING 



121 



ing tide of emigration, and lead to a resettlement 

 on these denuded areas of a large, hardy population 

 enjoying to the full the amenities which a con- 

 genial life undoubtedly Inings with it, and maybe 

 go a long way towards the solution of the problem 

 which overshadows our beloved country. 



The serial numbers in the text refer to extracts 

 and quotations from the authorities listed below, 

 to whose writings and investigations I record my 

 indebtedness. Geo. Robinson. 



(12) Petty. Chap. II. 



(13) " Kilkenny Archaeological Society's Jour- 

 nal." New Series. 



(14) " Young's Tour in Ireland." Part ii. Vol. 

 ii. P. 62. 



(15) Lecky's " History of England." ii. P. 3.j0. 



(16) " Swift's Works. ' Ed. Sir W. Scott, vii. 

 P. 42. 



(17) " Young's Tour." Part ii. P. 62. 



(18) Swift, 7tli Drapier letter (see). 



(19) " Young's Tour." Part ii. P. 64. 



(20) " Forestry in Ireland, 1889," and " The 

 Woods, Forests, Turf Bogs, and Fore-shores of 

 Ireland," 1890. By W. F. Bailey. 



(21) " Forest Policy." Robinson. " Quarterly 

 Journal of Forestry." April, 1920. 



Additional Bibliography. 



" Farmers' Gazette." 1902. 



" Young Forests and their Industries." Dermot 

 O'C. Donelan. 1888. 



" Departmental Statistical Returns." 



" Clare Island Survey." Part 9. Tree Growth. 

 A. C. Forbes. Proc. R. Irish Academy. Vol. xxxi. 



" The State and Forestry in Ireland." A. C. 

 Forbes, M.B.E. (" Quar. Jour, of Forestry," July, 

 1915). 



" Forestry." Lecture by W. R. Fisher (Proc. R. 

 Dub. Soc. Vol. i. Pt. 2. Nov., 1899). 



" Irish Land Acts. Short Sketch of their History 

 and Development," Rt. Hon. W. F. Bailey, C.B. 

 1917. 



" Report, Departmental Committee on Irish 

 Forestry." April, 1908. (Cd. 4027.) 



" Report, Royal Commission on Coast Erosion." 

 (Cd. 4460.) 



" Final Report, Forestry Sub-Committee." Min 

 istry of Reconstruction. lOls. (Cd. 8881.) 



Shrubs in July. 



In the month of July there is usually a falling 

 off in the number of flowering shrubs, at least 

 among those with striking flowers. 



Nevertheless, where a considerable collection is 

 grown there is always some of beauty and interest. 

 Among the brooms, Cytisus nigricans sends up 

 its slender spikes of clear, yellow flowers, and 

 seems to flourish as well in shade as in sun, 

 contrary to the general rule with this family. 

 Other attractive members of the pea-flowered 

 family are to be found among the Genistas, which 

 differ from the former in little more than the 

 slight toothing of the calyx. 



(renista t'nictoiia flore pie no is a dwarf-spread- 

 ing plant, producing a dense spike of double 

 yellow flowers at the end of practically every 

 branch, forming quite a mass of bloom. Genista 

 virfiatu, the Madeira Broom, is a good plant, 

 attaining a height of 8 or 10 feet in a few years; 

 the flowers are produced in short racemes, and 

 are clear bright yellow, the silky grey leaves 

 enhancing the general effect. Also belonging to 

 the Pea family is Spintium junceum, the Spanish 

 Broom, and a real glory of the summer garden. 

 Beginning to flower in June, it continues almost 



into winter, and is one of the brightest ornaments 

 of the garden all through summer and autumn. 

 There is a -dwarf variety, which does not grow so 

 tall as tlie type; true, the flowers are not borne 

 so profusely perhaps, but for some positions it 

 (•ertamly has its good points. 



Fuchsias are already making a show, as if to 

 vie with the tender varieties so freely used now- 

 adays in " bedding out " schemes, aiid this they 

 do successfully, for no "bedded out" Fuchsia 

 can ever equal a fine bush of F. Riccartoni grow- 

 ing in the open, or one of the true F. macro- 

 strmina against a wall, and sending out its 

 l)ranches clothed with light green leaves and 

 pendent slender-tubed flowers, with scarlet calyx 

 enclosing the purple corolla. 



Hedysaruia niultijuyinn brings us back to the 

 leguminous plants, and it is quite an attractive 

 shrub. The period of flowering is fairly long, 

 successive racemes appearing as the shoots grow, 

 l)ut it is at its best in July. The colour of the 

 flowers is light rose with a tinge of majenta, but 

 the effect is quite pleasing when the shrub is pro- 

 perly placed. 



Hypericum FLoo'kerianum has long been known 

 from the Himalaya, but has recently been intro- 

 duced from China, in what seems to be a hardier 

 form. The large, rich yellow flowers are produced 

 at the ends of the branches, opening in succession 

 fiom July far into autumn. A good shrub for a 

 sunny position in well-drained soil. 



Lavender, though perhaps considered common, 

 is nevertheless a charming shrub, capable of a 

 very flne effect when grown in a mass, and bear- 

 ing innumerable spikes of blue flowers over the 

 grey foliage. The commonest sx^ecies in gardens 

 seems to be L. spUa, though in Irish gardens L. 

 (Icntata, with larger, toothed leaves, is occasion- 

 ally met with. 



Olearias, which last month were represented 

 l)y 0. macrodonta and 0. stellulata, are this month 

 represented by 0. Ilaastii and O.'nunimidari- 

 folia; the former a well-known and much prized 

 shrub of vigorous growth, bearing abundailtly 

 corymbs of small white flowers, whose only fault 

 is their habit of forming a dirty brown chaff as 

 the seeds are formed, creating an untidy effect. 



0. niimmidarifoliu flowers much more sparingly, 

 the individual flower-heads being larger, usually 

 with about four large white ray florets, but the neat 

 habit of the shrub, the branches thickly clothed 

 with small coriaceous leaves, make it a desirable 

 evergreen for well-drained soils. Specimens 4 to 

 5 feet high, and as much through, are a feature 

 in tlie Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin. 



Olearia hisignis is a striking species, with large 

 leaves entirely covered with a white felt when 

 young, becoming green on the upper surface as 

 they approach full development. The solitary 

 flower-heads are large, up to 2 inches or more 

 across the ray florets, conspicuously white. This 

 plant has flowered well during late June and early 

 July, and flourishes in sheltered nooks of the 

 rock garden, but must have protection from cold 

 winds. 



Fh'dddelplnises have been very fine lately, but 

 the garden varieties are so numerous that to 

 select the best is a difficult task. Among single- 

 flowered varieties, Arakinehe, with arching 

 branches of medium-sized flowers, has been 

 conspicuous; while of the taller growers, with 

 larger flowers, none excels P. grandiflorus 

 flurihiindus. Among those with double flowers. 

 Mer de Glace, Virginale, and Argentine are 

 highly effective. 



