VI 



IRISH GARDENING 



tioii. In this garden, if vaeunt land is to be dug, 

 we leave all the clods unbroken. A large area of 

 soil is thus exposed to the beneficial action of the 

 weather. 



So nuich for digging. Now .about trenching. It 

 i^ needful, first of all, to insist that trenching land 

 a yard deep is not labour wasted, as some would 

 have us imagine. The deeper you go, the finer 

 vec^etables you get— at least that is my experience. 

 If "the land be trenched a yard deep the manure 

 can be put in its right phice, and not near the sur- 

 face as it has to be if the soil be only dug up. We 



Winter Spraying of Fruit Trees. 



/-T^IiE^following extracts are from the " Spraying 

 Calendar," given by Professor Pickering, M.A., 

 F.R.S., Director of the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm, 

 and F. V. Theobald, M.A., Vice-Principal, South Eastern 

 Agricultural College, Wye, Kent, in their yery useful 

 hand-book, " Fruit Trees and their Enemies." 



" Apart from the consideration of the direct action of 

 a winter wash in destroying various pests which are 

 probably present, moss, lichen and dead bark must always 

 accumulate, and the freer trees are kept from these the 

 healthier they will be, and the less will be the opportunities 

 afforded for insects to flourish on them." 



" From January to March. — Spray trees with a caustic 

 paraffin emulsion for cleansing them of dead bark, and 

 destroying moss, lichen, mussel scale, small apple, erram 

 moth," gooseberry and currant scale, gooseberry spider, 

 currant shoot and fruit moth, pear leaf blister mite, and 

 possibly other insects." 



Winter spraying is now resorted to by practically every 

 up-to-date fruit grower. The formula most recommended 

 for Winter Spraying Emulsion is as follows : — Soft soap 

 A lb. ; paraffin (solar distillate) 5 pints ; caustic soda, 

 2 to 2i lbs. ; water, 9i gallons. The necessary articles for 

 this Spraying Mixture can be had, with directions for 

 mixing, from D. M. Watson, M.P.S., Horticultural Chemist, 

 61 South Great George's Street, Dublin (Phone, 1971), who 

 also keeps in stock Cooper's V.I. Winter Wash, Berger's 

 Lime Sulphur Solution, &c., &e. (see page viii). 



do not trench the whole of this garden each year, 

 but do a piece each winter, and we find we get 

 good results, but if we had time to trench we 

 should certainly do the whole of it once a year, and 

 our soil would then be much better than it is. 



As regards the trenching, we first take out the 

 soil along the plot a yard deep. The subsoil is kept 

 separate from the black soil. Then we take out 

 another trench immediately behind the first one, 

 removing only the black soil. Now, tlie common 

 error is to turn the black soil into the bottom of 

 the first trench — a great piece of folly. The proper 

 way to do is to wheel this soil off also, put manure 

 into the bottom of the first trench, and turn the 

 subsoil of the second trench into the bottom of the 

 first trench. And when this has been done more 

 manure is added on the top of the subsoil of the 

 first trench and the good black soil from the third 

 trench turned into the first, trench. This process 

 is repeated, the subsoil of the third trench turned 



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II 



