Haupt.] Lob ("Jan. 18, 



disclaim any originality for the discovery of iheir existence. What I did 

 claim and emphasize in my paper was not that, but their efficiency and 

 controlling influence as bar-building agencies, and I applied the knowl- 

 edge of the direction of the flood component to the designing of a plan for 

 successfully resisting these encroachments. Although hydrographers are 

 familiar with the well-known increased height of tide in bays, and with 

 the existence of the littoral currents, they appear to have failed to apply 

 these phenomena to account for the transportation of drift, until they 

 were found, by a specially conducted series of surveys and observations, to 

 be the causes of such formations, as are instanced in the case of Sandy 

 Hook. Yet, notwithstanding ample evidence, there are many persons 

 who still adhere to the wind-wave theory as exerting the most potent 

 influence. 



(d) " That no proof has been adduced, but merely assertions to fit a 

 theory." 



After the instances already given, it would seem to be superfluous to 

 cite as evidence any more facts. The theory was not conceived first and 

 then generalizations added to fit it, but it is the logical outcome of a criti- 

 cal study of the forms, slopes and positions of the topographical features 

 at a large number of entrances, taken in connection with the general form 

 of the coast line, and the conclusions I have reached are merely confirm- 

 atory of those deduced at earlier dates by Profs. Bache, Mitchell, Hilgard, 

 Rear-Admiral Davis, some of the members of the United States Corps of 

 Engineers, many civil engineers, and by some light keepers, life-saving 

 crews and wreckers. I think it is clearly demonstrated that there is a 

 flood component of greater or lesser intensity, depending on the angle at 

 which the flood movement breaks upon the shore, and that it is the cumu- 

 lative effect of this force that builds and moulds the bars at harbor inlets, 

 or wherever there is a break in the beach. Such an opinion accords with 

 observed facts, explains them satisfactorily, and is accepted by the most 

 experienced hydrographers and maritime engineers. 



The Report of the Board continues : 



"For example, we have authentic records at one of the sites he (Prof 

 Haupt) quotes, Beaufort, N. C, wliich prove that during the last sixty- 

 seven years there has been a cycle of changes, and that the channel over 

 the bar which, at present, occupies the position required by his theory, 

 would have borne testimony adverse to its truth a few years ago. In- 

 deed, such changes are a common occurrence along the coast. The ac- 

 cepted opinion of engineers who have had large experience in harbor 

 works on sandy coasts, is that the action of oblique wind waves is potent 

 in causing the movement of material along the shore, and that the prevail- 

 ing direction of the storm winds, apparently ignored by Prof Haupt, is 

 an important element in the problem." 



The above statement concerning the cyclic changes which are found to 

 exist at the inlets, is but another confirmation of the correctness of the 



