1888.] lo.' [HofTman. 



c see explanation umler U and tsh. 



ch as in German niclit, licht, niicli. 



d as in dead, deal. 



e short sound of English a, as bet, pet. 



e long sound of English a, as in ale. 



f as in ffii/, fib. 



g as in gag ; German, gabe. 



gh as in tage, or in the last syllable of dngegcn. 



h as in hold, hat. 



i short sound of the English e, as in hit, bit. 



t long sound of the English e, as in beet, i in pique; German, ihm. 



j as in just, judge. 



k as in kick, kill. 



I as in lull. 



m as in man, mum. 



n as in no, none. 



short sound as in the German &oll, holz. 



long sound as in most, note, pole. 



p as in pip, pulp. 



q is represented by k. 



r as in run, roar. 



8 as in sell, sold. 



t as in tell, tuft. 



is as the German c in cedar = tse'dcr, and s in zeit = 1?ait. 



tsh as the English ch in church, chin = tshortsh, tshiu. 



u short sound as in put, pull. 



u long sound as in rule. 



V as in velvet, van. 



w as in will, ^cish. 



X is represented by ks, as ax = iiks, box = baks, 



y as in yoti, yield. 



z as in zeal, zest. 



ng as in sing, bring. 



' represents the omission of a vowel. 



" nasalized vowels are indicated by the superior n as «", i". 



the hj'phen is emploj'^ed between syllables. 



the acute accent is employed to indicate accented sjihibles, as riv'er, 

 re-vere'. 

 d'd duplication of vowels prolongs the sound of a short vowel, as lat, 

 hddrt. 



In German words ending in be or ben, the b becomes ic, as gabe — (,a"a, 

 geben — ge'ic'd ; and in many words the au becomes a. as laufen — Za, a, 

 laufen — dajd. The initial t in German generally becomes d. 



