Brinton.] * 51o [Oct. 18, 



These meagre outlines give small chance for comparison ; but 

 there is nothing in them to contradict the theory of Libyan affini- 

 ties. The latter has also masculine, feminine and plural forms of 

 nouns, and though it has strictly no declensions, the terminal s is 

 found in it with the same possessive signification. It is not a case 

 ending, but the possessive pronoun of the third person, ''his" or 

 " her."* As for articles,f definite or indefinite, there is none, either 

 in Etruscan or Libyan. 



The ascertained vocabulary of the Etruscan is a short one. The 

 classical writers have handed us down a few words more or less dis- 

 figured no doubt ; and certain constantly recurring words on in- 

 scriptions give chance for a fair guess as to what they must mean. 

 From these sources I present the following list, marking those from 

 ancient writers with an asterisk, and some from modern students 

 with their initials. | The list includes, I think, every Etruscan 

 word of which we know the probable meaning. 



Etruscan Vocabulary. 



*aesar, deity, divinity. 



*an/ar, eagle. 



'^aukelos, aurora, dawn. 



^ataisofi, the vine. 



ad, man, vir, D. 



ara, race, family, "gens," P. 



atar, family, P. ; house, D. 



avtl, yQar ; old; aged; "getas." 



a/pan, image, statue; gift; "supplex," E. 



zama, gold, P. 



ziiad, a priestly title, D. 



Oura, descendant, D., P. ; brother, Sch. 



Orafna, cup, vase. 



Oatira, grave, sepulchre. 



Old, he lies, "cubat;" Oui cesii, "hie cubat." 



* Thus, akiikham, liouse ; akhkhamis, his or her house. Basset, Manuel de Langue Ka' 

 byle, p. 12. The suHix is either s, is, or es. 



t Prof. A. H. Sayee has attempted to show that the suffixed -s or -es in Etruscan is the 

 definite article ; but I have not observed that this opinion has been adopted. Altital- 

 ische Studien, 1883, Heft ii, pp. 127, 128. 



J; P. = Pauli ; D. = Deecke ; E. = Ellis ; Sch. = Schaefer B. Buggc, etc. 



