1S80.] 5l-d [Briuton. 



on Etruscan dice has been observed ;* but in this he errs, as Mr. 

 Stewart Culin, who closely examined the Etruscan dice in the Brit- 

 ish Museum, informs me that more than ten per cent of them show 

 yet other arrangements, so that it is quite possible that the dice 

 from Toscanella should be read on a scheme differing from both 

 the above. 



The six words on the dice in the order in which I should propose 

 to read them are : 



may, ci {ki), zai, ImO, On, sa. 



In assigning these their respective values of i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, I 

 am supported by many of the leading students of the subject, as 

 the following list will show : 



Atithoriliis in favor. 

 Campanari, Pauli, Taylor, Ellis, Bugge, 



Brown, f 

 Taylor, Deecke, Brown. 

 Campanari, Taylor, Ellis, Brown. 

 Campanari, Pauli, Ellis. 

 Taylor, Brown, Pauli. 

 Campanari, Bugge, Ellis. 



I need not rehearse the evidence in support of these values. It 

 is derived from patient comparative study of inscriptions in which 

 these numerals occur, and is certainly as well substantiated as any 

 other. 



It is well known that the numerals present a most valuable stan- 

 dard of linguistic comparison, and the utmost efforts, therefore, 

 have been put forth to exhibit some relationship of the above words 

 to the numerals of some other tongue. The result has been utter 

 failure in every instance, as has been vigorously stated by the acute 



*" Antike WUrfel mit anderer Ordnung giebt es durchans nlcht." Pauli, EtrusldscJie 

 Forachungen und Studien, 1882, p. 11. So far is this from being correct that I have the 

 notes of over a dozen irregular ancient dice, observed by M. Culin in the collection of the 

 British Museum alone. 



fMr. Robert Brown's article is the latest study of Etruscan numerals. It is in The 

 Archxological Review, for July, 1889. Unfortunately its value is impaired by the writer's 

 devotion to Dr. Taylor's notion of the Turanian origin of the Etruscans. Pauli on Die 

 Elruskischen Zahlworter may be found in the Eiruskische Forachungeii und Studien, for 1882 ; 

 and Bugge partial discussion of them in the same journal for 1883. For Ellis' opinioa 

 see his Asiatic Affinities of the Old Italians, p. 61, sqq. 



