12 GROTE — SPECIALIZATIONS OF LEPIDOPTEROUS WIXG. [Jan. 20 



A 



Papilionides 



B 



Hesperiades 



Parnassiidse 

 Papilionidae 



Pieridae 



Nymphalidae 



Lycaenid^ 



Hesperiadse 



The point x is supposititious and, in my original sketch, marked 

 with a query. I had endeavored also to connect the Papilionides 

 with the Nymphalids. Aside from the major difficulty, the only 

 point of similarity I could then find was the five-branched radius, 

 which in both the Papilionidae and in the Nymphalids was in a 

 generalized condition. To this must be added traces of the 

 cubital cross-vein in the Limnadidae and Heliconiidas. While too 

 much importance should not be paid to a suppression of branches 

 of the radius now in a fluid state, as in the Pieridce and Saturni- 

 adse, stress must be laid on the fact that throughout the Nympha- 

 lids the five-branched condition is retained, while in the Parnassians 

 we have also a four-branched type, in which the more generalized 

 five-branched condition has been very clearly abandoned. The 

 only movement I have found in the Nymphalid radius consists 

 of a transference of iii^ to beyond the cell in the Heliconiidae and 

 certain long-winged forms, or in forms perhaps tending in that 

 direction, such as Thalerope, Araschnia, Meliicea and Euptoieta ; 

 while in the long-winged forms, Agraulis, Diane, the vein iii^ has 

 followed suit. A trace of this movement is seen in Argytuiis, but 

 not in Issoria lathonia. I was also impressed by the fact that in 

 the Papilionidae vein iii^ did not attain the apex of the primary wing, 



