20 GROTE — SPECIALIZATIONS OF LEPIDOPTEROUS WING. [Jan. 20, 



Fam. 11. Teinopalpid/e. 



Specialization has carried this family, which consists of but a 

 single type, entirely beyond the range of generic differentiation in 

 the Papilionidae. The neuration has submitted to changes similar 

 to those characterizing the Parnassiidae, changes of which I find 

 no more than an indication in the Papilionidse, so that in some re- 

 spects it affords an intermediary type. The disintegration of the 

 series of the median veins on primaries has progressed far beyond the 

 present condition of any generic type in the Papilionidse which I 

 have been able to examine. Vein iv^ has become radial, vein iv 

 cubital, and the latter has abandoned its approximately central 

 position and forms an unbroken curve with the cubitus. Thus the 

 whole shape of the cell and cross-vein has undergone an important 

 modification and the proper papilionid type of these parts has been 

 abandoned. The cross-vein is much degenerate across the wider 

 interspace which now intervenes between veins ivj and iv... The 

 wing also recalls in its present condition that of Charaxes, except 

 that iv2 is cubital, while the long furcation of iii^ and iiig accen- 

 tuates the resemblance. The cubital cross-vein has practically 

 vanished. There is a feeble notch on the lower edge of the 

 cubitus and a clouding or thickening of the tegument as far as the 

 submedian fold (vein vi). This submedian fold is always stronger 

 at base, and, as we shall see in genera of Papilionidae, the 

 cubital cross-vein first disappears between it and vein vii, fading 

 upwardly. The internal vein of hind wing is continued to anal 

 angle and is straight. The ''tail " to vein ivg is narrow and even 

 (9). Studying this type, it becomes clearer how the wing of the 

 Papilionidoe may have given rise to the wing of the Parnassiidae. 

 It may be regarded as a lateral offshoot from the Papilionidae. 



With regard to the propriety of making Teiiiopalpus Hope a 

 family type, there can be no question from the neuration, and 

 Avhen we add to this the peculiar structure of the mouth parts and 

 body it should remove doubt. For, as I tried to show in 1883 

 (Papilio, 3, 36), it appears certain that our categories are quanti- 

 tative. The quantity assigned to the Papilionidae is here in all 

 respects exceeded. Alone the shape of the wing, a ''superficial" 

 character, remains papilionid, but this is approached by some Par- 

 nassians and shared by other Lepidoptera. With regard to the 

 name, it has been proposed by Felder to change it on account of 



