1899.] GROTE — SrECIALIZATIOXS OF LEPIDOPTEROUS WING. 47 



Explanation of Plate IV. 



The figures are obtained by an improved photographic process. 

 The veins are numbered according to the system Redtenbacher- 

 Comstock: iii = radius, iv = media, v = cubitus. Vein " ix " of 

 primaries, the principal character of the Papilionides, is numbered 

 in red. The figures are of the natural size. 



Fig. 7. Teinopalpus i?nperialis ^. — Type of genus and family. The neura- 

 tion is specialized, as compared with the Papilionidse. The cubital cross vein is 

 represented only by a residual mark. An intermediate type, with the breaking 

 up of media on primaries taking the Parnassian direction, but an isolated offshoot 

 from the Papilionid stem. 



Fig, 8. Leptocircus curius. — Type of genus. A specialized form of Papilio- 

 nidse with the hind wing inferiorly enormously developed and the cell reduced. 



Fig. 9. Pathysa antiphates. — Type of genus. On hind wing the discocellular 

 cross-vein is downwardly bent between li and iii. Iphiclides agrees with this 

 type, except that the first radial branch is free. In Pathysa the first radial 

 branch fuses with subcosta. Eimer, in his work, does not regard the neurational 

 features of Pathysa. 



Fig. 10. Zetides sarpedon. — Type of genus. Agrees in certain structural 

 neurational points with Pathysa^ differing by the inferior development and 

 absence of ♦• tails " and by the shorter anal vein of hind wings. This group is 

 specialized by the inferior discontinuance of cubital cross-vein. 



Fig. II. Arisbe similis. — Type of genus. Agrees with Zetides in structuial 

 points, differing by the rounded hind wings. Compare text. 



Fig. 12. Eurycus cressida. — Type of genus. Specialization is shown by the 

 shortening of vein vii of hind wings and by the inferior degeneration of cubital 

 cross-vein, Eurycus and Pachlioptera are interesting from the way they repro- 

 duce, upon a different type of wing, the specialization of the abdominal margin 

 of the secondaries of Parnassius, a character of convergence, by which the 

 margin becomes inwardly curved and the internal vein shortened. This direction 

 crops out, among otherwise distinct forms, throughout the Papilionides, Again, 

 as a character of convergence we meet it in the Saturniades (Grote, Beitrag 

 zur Class, aer Schm., S. 198, Fig. I, Callosamia ; S. 204, Fig. 9, Rothschildia ; 

 S, 206, Fig. II, Samia). 



