48 GROTE — SPECIALIZATIONS OF LEPIDOPTEROUS WING. [April 7, 



Explanation of Plate V. 



The figures are obtained by an improved photographic process. 

 The veins are numbered according to the system Redtenbacher- 

 Comstock : iii = radius, iv = media, v = cubitus. Vein '' ix " of 

 primaries, the principal character of the Papilionides, is numbered 

 in red. The figures are of natural size, except Fig. 15, which is 

 reduced one-half. 



Fig. 13. Iphiclides podalirius. — Type of genus, to be compared with figure of 

 Fathysa antiphates. Cubital cross-vein degenerates inferiorly. Between ii and 

 iii of hind wings the discocellular is downwardly bent, as in the Idaides group. 

 Radial branches free to costa, a character which brings this genus into the 

 typical group of Papilio^ with vein iii,, the third radial branch, opposite cross- 

 vein. Thus the genus is partly intermediate and appears, on the whole, nearer 

 allied to Idaides, or rather to Fathysa, than to Papilio. 



Fig. 14. Priamides pompeius. — Type of genus and belonging to typical group 

 of Papilio. Compare text. \^Drurya antimachus, mimetic of Acrcea, not 

 examined; probably belongs to the Papilio group as a specialized form.] 



Fig. 15. Ornithoptera priamtis r^. — Type of genus. Note position of the 

 third radial branch, which is thrown off before cross-vein. The furcation of 

 iii^ and iii. is long, so that the primitive condition which I assume, in which the 

 longitudinal veins were all separate, is nearly attained. The total evidence is 

 that Ornithoptexa retains characters of the primitive form of the Papilionides. 

 Compare wing with that of Char axes, Schm. Hild,, Taf. iii. Fig. 17, and Stein d. 

 Weis., X, 282. 



Fig. 16. Heliconitis antiochus. — Type of genus and family. Belongs to the 

 Hesperiades. Reproduced here to correct omissions in former figure; consult 

 text. A more generalized form than the succeeding. Vein viii of fore wings 

 partially degenerate ; compare with figures of Limnas and Libythea in this 

 respect, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, xxxvii, PI. iii. 



Fig. 17. Dione iiino. — Generic typa. Vein viii of primaries lost, but traces 

 of cubital cross-vein retained. Belongs apparently to the Nymphalidce. Con- 

 sult figure of type in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, xxxvii, PI. it. The open cell and 

 condition of cross-vein on secondaries evidence the grade of specialization. 

 Note that these figures of Hesperiades have two anal veins on hind wings, in 

 contrast with the single vein of the Papilionides. 



Fig. 18. Tragonoptera brookeana. — Section of ^ primary wing, showing 

 point of origin of third radial branch just before cross-vein. The position of 

 Papilio has not been quite attained, while that of Ornithoptera has . been 

 abandoned. 



