38 HOBBS— THE FIXED GLACIAL ANTICYCLONE. 



above a glacier of domed surface; (3) the pronounced strophic 

 character of the circulation (calms alternating with blizzards), and 

 (4) the notably different distribution of humidity. These attributes 

 being all either connected directly with or depending upon the form 

 and the location of the continental glacier, the expression glacial 

 anticyclone adequately expresses both the resemblances to and the 

 dififerences from the common type of migrating anticyclone. 



Dr. Simpson has raised the point that the snow surface must 

 during the summer season be warmer than the air above it, and in 

 support he cites the effect of insolation upon snow of the ice-barrier. 

 Over the glacier outlets such as the Beardmore, within which at the 

 conclusion of a blizzard the f oehn effect is enormously intensified ; 

 over the flat central areas of the ice dome ; and, in Greenland, over 

 the western marginal zone extending inwards some tens of miles, 

 within which during the calms of the anticyclonic stroph the in- 

 coming whirls from the westward invade the ice-dome and scatter 

 dust over its surface, similar effects have been observed. Over the 

 vast area of the continental glaciers, however, and especially upon 

 the slopes which induce the circulation, such effects have not, so far 

 as I am aware, been recorded ; and it is in point that during the 

 summer season practically all our data have been gathered. From 

 widely separated regions, on Greenland and over the Antarctic alike, 

 we now possess a wealth of amazingly consistent testimony that, 

 except for the brief interval at the conclusion of a blizzard when 

 the anticyclone literally " turns itself inside out " and becomes mo- 

 mentarily a cyclo'ue, the wind blows dozen slope though deviated to 

 accord with the deflection from earth rotation (see Proc. Am. Phil. 

 Soc, Vol. 54, 191 5, pp. 193-203). 



In the report recently issued by de Ouervain and ]Mercanton is 

 supplied this significant statement : 



According to the experiences on the crossing and from our knowledge 

 of the distribution of air pressure at the time, we were compelled to remain 

 under the impression, which any worker must gain from our meteorological 

 tables, that the most strongly marked, highly regular connection exists be- 

 tween the summer wind conditions of the central Greenland inland-ice and 

 its topography. On the west side of the gigantic ice-shield regular south- 

 cast winds varying from strong to tempestuous ; on the east slope, likewise, 



