104 ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



C. Enforcement by the President. 



125. Enforcement by the President 282 



126. President's Use of Military Force 283 



127. President's Direction of Administrative Action 283 



D,. Enforcement by the Courts. 



128. Early Assumptions of Common Law Criminal Jurisdiction by Fed- 



eral Courts 286 



129. Federal Courts have no Common Law Jurisdiction 287 



130. Federal Court's have no Criminal Jurisdiction from Treaties Alone. 288 



131. Statutory Criminal Jurisdiction of Federal Courts 289 



132. Admiralty Jurisdiction of Federal Courts 289 



133. Civil Jurisdiction of Federal Courts in Cases Affecting Aliens 291 



134. Conclusion 293 



Chapter XIII. The Power to Meet International Responsi- 

 bilities Through Performance of National Obligations. 



135. Nature of This Responsibility 293 



136. Performance of Obligations by the States 294 



A. The Nature of National Obligations. 



137. Obhgations Founded on International Agreement 295 



138. Obligations Founded on General International Law 297 



139. The Determination of Obligations 298 



140. Justiciable and Non-justiciable Questions 299 



141. The Obligation of Treaties and International Law 301 



142. Practice in Submitting Disputes to Arbitration 303 



B. Pozver to Interpret National Obligations. 



143. By National Political Organs : Congress 304 



144. By National Political Organs : The Senate 305 



145. By National Political Organs : The President 306 



146. By International Political Organs 307 



147. By National Courts 309 



148. By International Courts 310 



C. Pozver to Perform National Obligations. 



149. Appropriations 313 



150. Cession of Territory 315 



151. Guarantees and Use of Military Force 315 



152. Conclusion of Subsequent Treaties 316 



153. Participation in International Organization 316 



154. Commerce and Revenue Laws 3^7 



155. Formal Amends in Reparation 317 



