316 WRIGHT— POWER TO MAKE AGREEMENTS. 



and whether war is the most effective means of carrying out the 

 guarantee.^^ 



152. Conclusion of Subsequent Treaties. 



Protocols and prehminaries of peace may require the conclusion 

 of definitive treaties along prescribed lines. Such provisions can 

 only be carried out by the treaty power. A protocol calling for 

 conclusion of a treaty for arbitration of the Behring Sea contro- 

 versy was carried out by a treaty in 1891. Spain objected to the 

 definitive treaty of peace as insisted upon by the United States 

 in 1898 on the ground that it was in violation of the preliminaries 

 of peace in some respects. Treaties often require the conclusion 

 of subsequent treaties. This has been true of many general arbitra- 

 tion treaties specifically requiring special treaties submitting cases 

 within the scope of the general treaty. The League of Nations 

 Covenant contemplates treaties on many subjects in which interna- 

 tional cooperation is urged. In such cases the treaty power may act 

 within the discretion allowed it by the general treaty.®^ 



153. Participation in International Organisation. 



Treaties requiring the appointment of officers for participating 

 in international organizations, such as the permanent Court of Ar- 

 bitration and Bureau established by the I Hague Convention of 

 1899, and 1907, and for putting administrative regulations into 

 effect such as the Behring Sea seal fisheries treaty, the international 

 radio treaty, etc., can be carried out by the President, though 

 Congress has often passed acts expressly authorizing participation 

 in such organizations and enforcement of such regulations.** If 

 permanent offices with a fixed salary are required, an act of 

 Congress would be essential for the execution of such provisions.*^ 



^^ Supra, sec. 37, infra, sec. 211. See also Wright, Am. Jl. Int. Law, 12: 

 72-79- 



^3 Supra, sec. 144. 



^*The President is authorized to use naval vessels to enforce the Sub- 

 marine cable treaty of 1885, by act of Feb. 27, 1888, 25 Stat. 41, Comp. Stat., 

 sec. 10087. He is authorized to enforce the Behring Sea Seal fisheries treaty 

 of 191 1 by act of Aug. 24, 1912, 37 Stat. 499, Comp. Stat., sec. 8838. For acts 

 authorizing participation in various international organizations, see infra, 

 sec. 242. 



95 Infra, sec. 242. 



