542 HRDLICKA— THE PEOPLING OF ASIA. 



thousands of years ago. He represents a type such as must have 

 been common in Europe and the rest of the inhabited parts of the 

 Old World from the Aurignacian to the earlier Neolithic times. 

 That such similarities could have developed independently in two 

 environmentally so widely different regions as man's western habitat 

 of that time and the tropical and semi-tropical seas and lands off 

 southeastern Asia is, to say the least, very improbable. But the 

 only alternative is that the " australoid " man is the same as the 

 later prehistoric western man, that he is derived from the same 

 body, and that he has reached Australia and wherever else he may 

 have existed in relatively late times by extension or migration. He 

 may well represent a strain of fairly late man of southwestern Asia 

 or northern Africa, which had penetrated into Malaysia and Austra- 

 lia before or perhaps through the Negrito. 



In addition to the " mongoloid " and " australoid " populations 

 of Asia and the south seas, there are to be considered the actual 

 peoples of southern and western Asia including Asia Minor and the 

 Arabic peninsula. 



These seemingly so complex populations may in reality be read- 

 ily classified and accounted for. They are essentially recent and 

 mixed populations. The elements entering into their composition 

 in the order of their importance are : the Mediterranean, the " Sem- 

 itic," the " Aryan," the Negrito and the Yellow-Brown ; to which 

 in the north are added the transitional (white-mongoloid) Tatars 

 and Turkmen. Among the Semites, both actual (Beduins) and 

 the old (Palestine, etc.), there is also some admixture through 

 Egypt and Ethiopia of the Sudanese and East African Negro. In 

 Galatia, Phrygia and some other localities of Asia Minor and in the 

 sub-Caspian regions finally, there are small groups of people of 

 direct connections with or derivation from known peoples of Europe. 



According to growing evidence the southwestern and western- 

 most portions of Asia have been peopled by extensions from Europe 

 and possibly Africa during the later Paleolithic and Neolithic 

 periods ; and they doubtless have received wave after wave of ex- 

 tension or invasion of prehistoric and early historic peoples from 

 over the Balkan Peninsula, the Caucasus and from the Caspian- 

 Aral-Turkestan regions. These peoples annihilated, admixed with 



