igos.] OF SUBLIMINALLY COLORED STIMULI. 367 



des ' Reizes ' eine gegensinnige Oeffnungswirkung. Analoges gilt vom Aus- 

 schleichen, also vom Ausbleiben eines sinnfalligen Oeffnungseffectes. Zum 

 optischen Versuche schiebt man zweckmassig eine schwach tingierte Glas- 

 platte vor die andere oder beniitzt einen Keil farbigen Glases." ^ 



The observation here briefly mentioned was apparently made in 

 light-adaptation. The observer, we may suppose, looked through a 

 vertical slit in a cardboard screen towards a window. The thin 

 end of the colored glass wedge, viewed through the slit, appeared 

 colorless. The wedge itself was slowly pushed forward — so slowly 

 that progressive adaptation prevented its color from being per- 

 ceived. Presently the observer turned his eye to the cardboard 

 screen, and there saw the negative colored after-image, the " gegen- 

 sinnige Oeffnungswirkung " that followed the " Einschleichen de? 

 Reizes." ^ 



2. Indirect Vision. — In the Studies from the Psychological 

 Laboratory of Mount Holyoke College for 1905, Miss G. M. Fernald 

 reports the arousal, of colored after-images in the peripheral or 

 black-white zone 01 the retina. " A further point worth mention- 

 ing " — so the passage runs — -" is the fact that, in the case of several 

 colors, exposure, beyond the limits where any color is seen, is fol- 

 lowed by a very clear [colored] after-image. This was repeatedly 

 found to be true with red, orange, green and blue and often with 

 yellow [stimuli]. This after-image for the first three and for vel- 

 low was blue, and for blue a very clear yellow. This may explain 

 the ' gegenfarbige ' zone found by Hellpach in his dark-room work, 

 as under those conditions there would have been no way of telling 

 whether the color came exactly at the time of exposure or immedi- 

 ately afterwards." ^ No further details are given. 



'^Archives dcs sciences biologiques, XI., Supplement (Festschrift for Pro- 

 fessor J. P. Pavlofif), 82 f. 



^ The procedure is sketched by H. Abels, Zeifs. f. Psychol, XLV., 1907, 

 86. " Man kann . . . einen schwach gefiirbten Glaskeil so langsam vor 

 das Auge schieben, von der Kante gegen den Riicken fortschreitend, dass 

 liberhaupt keine Farbenempfindung zustande kommt ; und dennoch haben 

 wir bei plotzlichem Entfernen desselben und Betrachten einer indifferent 

 gefarbten Flache die deutliche Empfindung der komplementaren Farbe." 

 Abels is here quoting a conversation with Tschermak; there is no evidence 

 that he himself performed the experiment. 



^ " The Effect of the Brightness of Background on the Extent of the 

 Color Fields and on the Color Tone in Peripheral Vision," Psychol. Reviciv, 

 XII., November, 1905, 405. 



