584 MONTGOMERY— MORPHOLOGY OF THE [April 24, 



1900), Isopoda (Vejdovsky, 1901 ; and Nemec, 1896, who states 

 that in Ligidiiim they are modified into saHvary glands), Cirripedia, 

 (Bruntz, 1903, Berndt, 1903; in Balanus they communicate with the 

 coelom only in the cypris-stage according to Gruvel, 1894), Stoma- 

 topoda (Bruntz, 1903), and freshwater Ostracoda (Claus, 1895, 

 Daday, 1895). These open at or near the base of the second 

 maxillae, each has a closed enlarged end sac lined by an excretory 

 epithelium, and they are placed in the shell duplicature except in 

 Leptodora where the greater portion of the organ lies in the thorax. 

 According to Richard (1892) their ducts are longest in freshwater 

 and shortest in brackish water species. In freshwater Cladocera 

 (Simocephalus) I have found that the end sac takes up injected 

 carmine at the end of a few hours. 



Antennal Glands. — These have been described for the larvae (but 

 not adults) of Copepoda and Phyllopoda (Grobben, 1881), for 

 Amphipods (Grobben, 1881, Bonnier, 1891, Bruntz, 1903, Vejdov- 

 sky, 1 90 1, Delia Valle, 1893), Schizopoda (Grobben, 1881, Bruntz, 

 1903), Ostracoda (Claus, 1890, 1895), Cirripedia where they are 

 modified into cement glands but may still continue excretory 

 (Koehler, 1890), Isopoda (in Asellus where they are degenerate, 

 Nemec, 1896), and Decapoda (Marchal, 1892, Waite, 1889). The 

 antennal glands are essentially similar to the maxillary. Both have 

 closed end sacs, are without cilia, and both (Vejdovsky, 1901) 

 possess at the junction of the gland and duct a narrow " Trichter " 

 composed of a few large cells with a peripheral muscular sphincter. 



Development of the Preceding Organs. — According to the earlier 

 observers (Reichenbach, 1886, Ischikawa, 1885) the shell and 

 antennal glands are ectoblastic, but other studies (Kingsley, 1889, 

 Waite, 1899, Grobben, 1879, Lebedinsky, 1891) show that each 

 arises as a reduced coelomic sac (or portion of one) connecting with 

 an ectoblastic duct. The end sac of the adult thus corresponds to 

 the coelomic sac of the embryo. 



MaxiUipedal Glands. — In Diaptontns there is a pair of these 

 opening at the basis of the first maxillipeds; their structure is like 

 that of the preceding glands (Richard, 1892). It is probable that 

 some of the glands described as maxillary are really maxillipedal. 



Coxal Glands. — In Gamniarns (Delia Valle, 1893) there are 



