670 JASTROW— HEFATOSCOPY AND ASTROLOGY [December 4, 



factor in Greek civilization. One science after the other had freed 

 itself from the thraldom of religious tradition and, accordingly, 

 astrology, when introduced into Greece, did not become a part of 

 the Greek religion but an element of Greek science. Passing on to 

 the Romans*'^ as an integral part of Greek culture, and becoming 

 with the spread of Roman authority the general possession of the 

 ancient world, astrology, because of its indissoluble association with 

 astronomy, mathematics, and the philosophical systems of Greece, be- 

 came part of the heritage of Greece to the world and took on in 

 time the aspects of a religious cult.*'-'^ With the revival of 

 Greek influence through the intellectual movement following upon 

 the rise and spread of Islamism, astrology took a firm hold on the 

 choice minds of mediaeval Europe by the side of such a force as 

 Aristotelianism,"* and continued to sway men's minds till the thresh- 

 old of modern scientific thought, when it was swept away with so 

 many other cherished traditions from the broad highway of science 

 into the byways where it still flourishes at the present time and will 

 no doubt continue to do so for a long time to come. Though 

 somewhat more complicated in its processes, mediaeval and modern 

 astrology is practically identical with the form it took on in Greece.''^ 

 Not only did Greek astrology make its way throughout the West but 

 it spread also to the East, for it has been definitely ascertained that 

 what we find of it in India and even in China is due to the spread of 

 the sphere of Greek influence f^ and the same holds good for Egypt, 

 where it begins to flourish with the rise of Hellenistic culture."^ 



''•'' Bouche-Leclercq, /. c, Chap. XVI., " L'Astrologie dans le Monde Re- 

 main " and " Cumont," " Les Religions Orientalcs dans le Paganisme Romain " 

 (Paris, 1907), Chap VII. 



■^^ See Cumonl, I'lnfluence religieuse de I'Astrologie dans le Monde Ro- 

 main (Transactions of the 3d International Congress for the History of 

 Religions, II., pp. 197-198). 



"* Bouche-Leclercq, pp. 624 seq. 



"^ Compare for example the ideas associated with the planets in a modern 

 manual of astrology like Ellen H. Bennett's "Astrology" (New York, 1897), 

 PP- 93-100, with Bouche-Leclercq's statement of the Greek views (" L'Astrol- 

 ogie Grecque," pp. 93-101 and 311-326). 



"Thibaut, "Astronomic, Astrologie und Mathematik," in Biihlcr-Kiel- 

 horn, " Grundriss der Indo-Arischen Philologic," III., 9, p. 15, and Kugler, 

 " Kulturhistorische Bedeutnng der babylonischen Astronomic," p. 49. 



*' It is one of the many merits of Bouche-Leclercq to have demonstrated 



