682 CARREL— FURTHER STUDIES ON [November 6, 



In another experiment the animal was a female cat which had 

 lived in the laboratory for several months. She was in excellent 

 condition when she was operated on and recovered very quickly 

 from the operation. Her life went on just the same as before. The 

 kidneys were movable and small. She looked in excellent health 

 and lived as a normal cat. On the eighteenth day after the trans- 

 plantation albumin appeared in the urine and a direct examination 

 of the kidneys was made to ascertain the cause. The general con- 

 dition was little affected by the operation and the albumin disap- 

 peared on the twenty-first day, but reappeared again a little later. 

 On the thirty-fifth day the animal was very weak and emaciated. 

 She died on the thirty-sixth day of acute calcification of the arteries. 



These results show that the functions of the kidneys reestab- 

 lished themselves after the transplantation. Since an animal can 

 live in an apparently prosperous condition of health fifteen or 

 twenty-five days and more, after a double nephrectomy, and elim- 

 inate each twenty-four hours from 120 to 160 c.c. of urine through 

 the new kidneys, it is certain that the functions of the transplanted 

 organs are efficient. 



The " simple transplantation " of the kidneys consists of dissect- 

 ing a kidney, cutting the renal vessels and ureter a few centimeters 

 below the hilus, implanting the organ on the same or another ani- 

 mal, and of anastomosing its vessels to the renal vessels of the host. 

 I performed the double nephrectomy and the replantation of one 

 kidney in five dogs. The secretion of the urine remained normal 

 as long as no ureteral complication occurred. The conditions of the 

 kidneys were excellent. A little more than two months after the 

 operation, the location of the anastomoses of the renal vein could 

 not be detected. The anastomosis of the renal artery was seen as a 

 small and indistinct line on the intima. 



The remote results of this operation are excellent. On February 

 6, 1908, the left kidney of a middle-sized bitch was extirpated, per- 

 fused with Locke's solution and put into a jar of Locke's solution 

 at the temperature of the laboratory. The ends of the vessel were 

 prepared for anastomoses, and afterward the kidney was replaced 

 into the abdominal cavity. The circulation was reestablished after 

 suture of the vessels and the ends of the ureter united. The animal 



