CHICORIACEOUS COMPOSURE. 43 



the field observer, coming in sight of one of these plants in 

 ripe fruit, perceives that these pappus-plumes are not 

 straight and ascending as in all other genera of this group, 

 but that they are regularly and gracefully recurved. This 

 naturally and perfectly developed fruit, just ready to be set 

 afloat in mid air on the jarring or shaking of the parent re- 

 ceptacle, will never be found in herbarium specimens. The 

 nearly ripe heads which partially unfold their pappus after 

 drying, show every character but this important one. It 

 seems to me never to have been spoken of in relation to the 

 large and somewhat varied genus, Stephanomeria, where it is 

 universal, and will serve to distinguish between that and its 

 nearest ally, Rafinesquia, in which, if my memory serves 

 faithfully, the pappus is straight. Dr. Kellogg must have 

 observed this neat characteristic of the genus in tj^uestion, 

 when he collected the common species in 1870; and it may 

 well have been this which led him to refer to the plant, with 

 a doubt, to Stephanomeria. The quick eye of our venerable 

 pioneer caught at once the new fact, and he unconsciously 

 recorded it in his misnomer. The last peculiar mark of the 

 genus was detected by myself, lately, upon examining the 

 excellent herbarium specimens with which we are now sup- 

 plied. There are clear traces of a double pappus. I find 

 on about one half of the akenes a solitary, firm, merely 

 scabrous bristle, exterior to the plumose-awned palese, and 

 of less than half their length, a kind of character which 

 comes out strongly in another Chicoriaceous genus of Cali- 

 fornia, namely, Malacothrix, between which and Scorzonella 

 this very clear one ought to be placed. Dr. Gray, a few 

 years subsequently to his founding of FtilopJiora, having 

 discovered that name to be a synonym, and also having evi- 

 dently lost somewhat of his faith in the validity of the 

 genus, reduced it to Calais; yet with express misgiving, and 

 not without bespeaking for it another generic name in case 

 it should ultimately demand restoration to that rank. Under 

 that very appropriate name, Ftilocalais, I propose its rein- 

 statement. 



