62 ^ol. XLIII., Art. 1.— K. Yendo: 



north. Several species of Alarla are found about Nosappu, a few 

 about Akkoshi and Erimo, and one about Esan. At Fukuyama, 

 which stands at the western end of the strait or at the entrance 

 of the Japan Sea, usually no Alarla is found. At the above men- 

 tioned places on the Japan Sea Alarla has never been collected. 



Thus on the coast of Hokkaido where Alarla exists, the w\ater 

 temperature is never above 1 1'- C, and where it is entirely absent 

 the temperature is higher than that except in an unusually cold 

 year. The salinity of water is generally less on the A/ar/a-exist- 

 ing coast than on the other. That the lesser density of the water 

 is not an important factor for the existence of Alarla may be 

 observed froin tlie fact that Nosappu, where more Alarla in species 

 and in number are found, has stronger salinity than the other 

 two places. This view may be more emphatically expressed when 

 we compare the Baltic and the North Sea. 



The minimum temperature of sea water is much lower on the 

 Pacific coast of Hokkaido than on the Japan Sea side. At Esan 

 no record of water temperature below 0' C is known. At Erimo 

 in December-February it goes below this point very frequently, 

 and floating ice carried from the north-east is not infrequent there. 

 On Feb. 26, 1015, -3.8^0 has been recorded. On the coast 

 farther north-east of Erimo the temperature is still lower in winter 

 time and the shore is usually blockaded with a thick ice sheet 

 during December-February. At Nosappu, on March 7, 1914, the 

 water temperature near the surface went down as low as -11.0° C. 



In the Baltic Sea the freezing of tlie seaw^ater along the coast 

 is general during winter, i) It may take place on the Swedish 

 coast of tlie Kattegat. The Danish coasts and the open coasts of 

 southern Norway which are washed by the Bank Water and the 



1) Kylin : Stvidien über die Algen-Iorn der Scliwed. Westküste, -g. 207. 



