4 Yol. XLIII., Art. G. — s. Tsviboi: 



east it is abnormal, varying from 15" to less than 5°, and con- 

 tinuing from tlie top half way down, until, on approaching the 

 shore, it becomes suddenly as steep as 40''. The skirt of the 

 m.onntain is especially well developed on the northwestern side,, 

 whereas on the southeast it shows a complex irregular relief. 

 The further continuation (submarine) of the mountain slopes is 

 traceable far along the coast, inclhiing steeply toward north and 

 east but gently in the opposite directions. 



The relief of the cone surface is further diversified by a 

 number of parasitic knobs on its flanks, l)ut as a whole the shape 

 of the island is that of a homato, and its outline viewed from a 

 distance conveys a strong impression of the volcanic origin of the 

 island (Fig. 2). 



Fig. 2. The island of Ôshinia (0), viewed southe.istwards from Atami 



in tlie Idzu peninsula. Notice the asymmetric- form of the volcano. 



/f. . . .Hatsushima, a small i.sland near Atami. 



The climate of the island is equable and ratlier moist, but 

 the land being built up of loose materials, is dry and lacking in 

 rivers and streams of any importance, as is usual in young vol- 

 canoes. Such being tlie case, rain water is generally used for 

 drinking purposes. 



