Volcnno (feliima, Llzu. 53 



'oastern and the southwestern gaps of the ring-wall of the somma. 

 The former sea-chffs, at the base of wdiich tlie whid-blown sands 

 accumulated, are now inland at distances of some 200-500 m. froin 

 the present strands, while from the tops of tliese cliffs to the 

 inside of the caldera extend barren strips of sandy land. 



Other effects of the sea weaves are the excavation of caves on 

 the precipices and the formation of sea arches and of detached 

 ■islands of rocks or stacks. Caves are found at some places, i.e. 

 at Gyoja (3c ; Fig. 32), at the chff opposite to Fudeshima^^ [M), 

 and at the cliff to the south of Chigasaki (la). An example of 

 sea arches is Neji no Iwaya'^ (3d), on the east coast. Many stacks 

 are seen along tlie shores of the island. The most conspicuous of 

 ■these is Fudeshima (3d; Fig. 14, p. 2-5), on the south part of the 

 'east shore. 



III. Volcanic Activity in Historic Times. 



Omoei'^ and Nakamuka'^ have compiled historic records of 

 the volcanic activity of Oshima from many scattered and sometimes 

 not readily accessible sources. The following succinct account of 

 the eruptions of Oshima in historic times is taken mainly from 

 tlieir records. 



(1) 684 A.D. {.% %K^ê.-r^^) 



On November 29, 084 (^ît'c^â:-hH^¥Eti^^E+/:)i-P9 B ^ ^^ii 

 eruption took place in Oshima. This is the first eruption ever 



1) m^ i2) t^^v^M 



3) "Preliminary Keport on the Eruption of Volcano Mihara," nepoH Eirthn. incest. Lorn., 

 No. 81, 1915 (in Japanese). 



"Notes on the Volcanic Eruptions in Japan," t'>id., No.^86, 1918 (in -Tapanesj). 



4) "History of the Eruptions of Volcano Miharn, Oshima, Idzu," I'ni., No. 79, 191o 

 :^in .Japanese). 



