ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 53 



are workers enough to make a fungus garden. *' The queen's life has 

 been estimated to last about twenty years." The male is short-lived. 

 The " guests " of the termitary are largely scavengers. J. A. T. 



The Genus Krisna. — C. F. Baker [Philippine Joum. Sci., 1919, 

 15, 209-20, 5 pis.). A common evening visitor to one's table-lamp 

 almost anywhere in the Malaisian countries is a vividly virescent leaf- 

 hopper of the genus Krisna, a half inch, more or less, in length, and 

 with the transverse fore margin of the vertex black or a bright reddish 

 colour. This is likely to be Krisna strigicollis, but there are many 

 other species. The present paper deals with the genus Krisna and the 

 allied genus Gessius, both members of the tribe Stegelytraria. 



J. A. T. 



Jumping Plant-lice of the Palaeotropics and the South Pacific 

 Islands. — David L. Crawford {Philippine Joum. Sci., 1919, 15, 

 139-207, 3 pis., 3 figs.). An extension of our knowledge of the Psyllid 

 or Chermid Homoptera of these regions. The author takes a taxo- 

 nomic survey of the family and describes numerous new species. There 

 <are some very interesting evolutionary features in the Psyllid fauna of 

 oertain island groups. Thus, in the Hawaiian Archipelago, thirteen of 

 the fifteen known species are apparently derivatives of one species long 

 ago established there. Some of these species have diverged so far from 

 the ancestral type, a Trioza, that two other generic groups embrace 

 them. In the Malay Archipelago the genus Megatrioza is abundantly 

 represented, but extends into the Philippines and south into Australia, 

 and one species has found its way as far south as the Hawaiian Islands. 

 Several other genera appear to have sprung from this one. Economi- 

 cally the family is of less importance than the Aphididae and much 

 less than the Coccidse. Buckton's Psylla isitis (probably the same as 

 Crawford's Arytaina jnmctipenfiis) is a pest on indigo ; and Euphalenis 

 citri on citrus trees. J. A. T. 



Hermaphroditism in Lice. — D. Keilin and Gr. H. F. Nuttall 

 {Parasitology, 1919, 11, 279-328, 6 pis., 28 figs.). No fewer than 155 

 hermaphrodites of Pedicnlus humanus were studied. They were of 

 various degrees, all of them " mixed gynandromorphs," and including 

 representatives of Cockayne's three groups — genetic, primary somatic, 

 and secondary somatic hermaphrodites. The hermaphroditism- is often 

 accompanied by secondary malformations — viz. fragmentation of the 

 <iorsal bands, disoriented proliferation of the genitalia of one sex, and 

 various invaginations, devaginations and prolapses of the genitalia. 

 These prolapses, in the male organs, are due to atrophy of the retractor 

 muscles and basal plate, whilst in the female organs the prolapses are 

 -either due to the abnormal development or to coital traumatism. The 

 •structure of the hermaphrodites indicates that they may be either sexu- 

 ally non-functional or functional, serving, in the latter case, as males or 

 as females in respect to copulation. In " wild "lice the few lots which 

 comprised hermaphrodites had * 2 to 8 p.c. of them. In the progeny of 

 •crosses between P. capitis and P. corporis, some families gave over 20 p.c. 

 of hermaphrodites (always associated with a great decrease in the pro- 



