Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, and Yolk 



131 



PL II, fig. 9, XO.) Thus the cell, as the modern cytologist knows 

 it, is a truly complicated structure, and the revelation of so many 

 new bodies within it may necessitate the reconsideration of many 

 biological conceptions. 



Among certain writers, of whom Faure-Fremiet {lO) may be 

 taken as an example, it is considered that the structure which 

 others consider to be a Golgi apparatus is produced at one period 

 of the life of the cell by a metamorphosis from part of the mito- 

 chondrial constituents of the cytoplasm. Faure-Fremiet states 

 that the " Nebenkern " rodlets or dictyosomes of the snail sperma- 

 tocyte are produced by a transformation of mitochondria. The 

 dictyosomes of the snail spermatocyte are the representatives in 

 that cell of the Golgi apparatus, and we cannot therefore regard 

 them as having anything to do with the mitochondria. Hirschler 

 {22) and one of us {16) have shown that the dictyosomes or Golgi 

 rodlets can be traced through development. Faure-Fremiet's work 

 was repeated by one of us {16), and it was shown that by tlie 

 Kopsch or Cajal methods the dictyosomes are found to be present 

 in the youngest germ cells and are not directly related to the 

 mitochondria. Following his previous views on the '-'Xebenkern," 

 Faure-Fremiet in his work on Ascaris seems to misinterpret the 

 Golgi apparatus of this form. 



The following table shows the elements which have been 

 hitherto mentioned : — 



Nucleus; 



Oocyte: 



^Cytoplasm:;: 



Chromosomes. 



Nucleoli. 



Nucleolini. 



Mitochondria. 



Golgi elements. 



Yolk granules. 



Fat or lipoid vacuoles. 



Glycogen. 



Chromatin granules. 



Explanatory Eemarks ox Methods. 



Elsewhere {11) one of us has noted some staining reactions of 

 yolk, fat, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.' In order to make 

 this paper clear it is proposed to describe shortly the methods used, 

 and some of the staining and fixing reactions of the various cyto- 

 plasmic inclusions. 



Nearly every fixing mixture contains either alcohol or acetic 

 acid, but the last few years of cytological research have shown that 

 the picture given by a fixing mixture containing "them is incorrect 

 and inadequate, and one cannot fail to be surprised at the im- 

 provement produced when these reagents are omitted. Xearly all 

 the modern research on the cytoplasm has to be carried out by 



K 2 



