ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 217 



a mixed type in L. cernuuni, L. laterale, and L.- Drummondii ; and a 

 parallel type in L. volubile, Z.densum, L. fastir/iatum, and L. scariosum. 

 The radial or stellate type is regarded as being the more primitive. 



The author discusses the taxonomic sections of Lycoioodium adopted 

 by Pritzel and finds them to agree, in the main, with the chief char- 

 acters of both the sexual and the asexual generations of the various 

 species. He also summarizes the views of writers as to whether these 

 main sections are more or less nearly inter-related or are widely separated, 

 and finds that the inter-relationship view is more w^idely held than is 

 the other. And from his own studies he believes that the Selago section 

 contains the most primitive members of the genus, and that from it 

 have been derived the Phlegmaria and Glavata sections, but that the 

 exact relation of the Cernua and Inundata sections is difficult to gauge. 

 The type of prothallus in L. cernuum is commonly regarded as primitive 

 for the genus ; but other characters of the species seem to be highly 

 specialized. Hence Cernua and Inundata are best regarded as groups 

 parallel with Selago. A. G. 



Studies in the New Zealand Species of the Genus Lycopodium : 

 Part 11. Methods of Vegetative Reproduction. — J. E. Holloway 

 {Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 1917, 49, 80-93, 2 pis. and figs.). A 

 description of the methods of vegetative propagation observed in New 

 Zealand species. These are — (1) Vegetative propagation of the pro- 

 thallus ; (2) isolation of portions of lateral branches .or of the main 

 axes of the plagiotropic species ; (3) bulbils on adult plants ; (4) root- 

 tubercles ; (5) gemmae produced from cortical cells of old roots ; 

 (6) bulbils on detached leaves ; (7) vegetative reproduction of the pro- 

 tocormous rhizome. In no case in L. cernuum, L. laterale and L. 

 ramulosuni has the author ever noticed fungal hyph^ in the cells of the 

 protocorm. A store-tuber comparable to the protocorm is sometimes 

 found on detached leaves of L. ramulosum in relation to an adventitious 

 bud ; also the adventitious plantlets derived from cortical cells of roots 

 begin as tubers, as also do those budded off from the protocormous 

 rhizome of L. ramulosum ; and these cases are comparable with the 

 annually produced tuber in Phylloglossum, which initiates a new plant. 



A. a. 



studies in the New Zealand Species of the Genus Lycopodium : 

 Part III. The Plasticity of the Species. — J. E. Holloway {Trans. 

 Proc. New Zealand Inst., 1919, 51, 161-216, 6 pis. and figs.). An 

 account of the variations observed by the author in the main characters 

 of the Xew Zealand species of Lycopodium. The five main characters 

 studied are — (1) Habit of growth and external form ; (2) stem-anatomy ; 

 (3) nature of fertile region ; (4) form and structure of prothallus ; 

 (5) form of young plantlet. From these five points of view the vari- 

 ations of the eleven known species are investigated in detail at some 

 length under their sectional headings — (1) Selago and Phlegmaria ; 

 (2) Inundata and Cernua ; (3) Clavata ; and it is shown that the species 

 are in a condition of considerable plasticity. The evidence obtained is 

 further digested in a lengthy summary. A. G-. 



