324 SU.MMAKY OF CUKKENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Cave Ostracods. — Paul Paris {Arch, Zool. Exi^r.^ 1920, 58, 

 475-87, 4 pis.)-" Not maDy Ostracods are known from caves, but that 

 is in part because it is difficult to capture these minute animals. A 

 description is given of Candona breuili sp. n. and Sphseromicola topsenti 

 Paris. The latter lives in commensalism with a cave Isopod, Cseco- 

 sphaeroina hurgundum (and probably on G. virei), sheltering' on the ventral 

 surface near the head, and hanging on veiy firmly. It seems to repro- 

 duce all the year round. It cannot live aw^ay from the Isopod, but it is 

 no parasite. A detailed account is given of the appendages of both 

 species. J. A. T. 



Annulata. 



Madagascar Polychsets.— P. Fauvel (Arch. ZoolFqmr., 191'.), 58, 

 315-473, 3 pis.). An account of a large collection, representative of 

 twenty-three families, and including nine new species. In Lumhriconereis 

 papilHfera sp. n. there are large elongated vesicles, below and behind the 

 parapodia, W'hich represent long nephridial ampullee. In Gravierella 

 midtimi7itdatct g.ets^f.n. there is a very remarkable intercalary growth 

 with unique peculiarities. The anal cone is at the base of a dilated 

 funnel. J. A. T. 



Vitelline Membrane of Serpulids.^ — A. Hovlier {Arch. Zool. Ex2)er., 

 1916, 56, Notes et Revue, 16-20). The vitelline membrane disappears 

 in the course of development. In Serpida crater it disappears from off 

 the trochophore cells which it protects, but it disappears quite gradually, 

 beginning at the posterior end, where the larva grows in length. It is 

 much the same in Hydroides pectinata and Frotula meilhaci, where the 

 disappearance is again posterior. The cuticle is an epidermic formation, 

 and the idea that the vitelline membrane is transformed into the cuticle 

 is not to be entertained. J. A. T. 



Australian Exogonese.— W. A. Haswell {Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., 

 1920, 34, 217-45, 2 pis., 2 figs.). Descriptions of Australian represen- 

 tatives of this Polychagt family, including Exogone fustifera sp. n., 

 Gruhea pmsilloides sp. n. It is demonstrated that the pedal glands 

 produce the secretion by means of which the ova are attached after 

 extrusion. A description is given of the proventriculus with its non- 

 striated muscle-columns, and of the hitherto undescribed glands, the 

 ducts of which open into it. An account is given of the changes under- 

 gone by the nephridia of both sexes of Exogone in association with the 

 development of the sex-cells. In Gruhea pusilloides there is distinct 

 hermaphroditism. The author also describes some stages in the 

 development not previously investigated. J. A. T. 



Nematohelminthes. 



Syngamus laryngeus in Indian Cattle. — A. L. Sheather and 

 A. AV. Shilston {Bull. Agric. Research Pusa, 1920, No. 92, 1-8, 

 28 figs.). This parasite was found in about 13 p.c. of 700 buffaloes 

 and hill bulls and in about 15 p.c. of 100 plains cattle. With few 



