4 ART. 3.^B. KOTÔ : 



St. Vincent. Like the corresponding Atlantic chain, the Ryûkyû 

 arc is built up of three concentric zones,^ vi^., the outer Tertiary and 

 post-Tertiary, the middle Paleozoic, and the inner volcanic. This 

 ' volcanic chain of liyukyii ' begins witli the Togara chain (the 

 Kawabé Seven islands, Linschoten or Cecilia Is.) and its southern 

 extension (Fig. 1, A.), and proceeds northwards toward Kyushu 

 through a number of active and dormant volcanoes to Kaimon 

 (Fig. 1, Jfi ; Fig. 2, /ij, the last being the landmark and outpost of 

 the inland volcanoes, located at the entrance of Kagoshima Bay. 

 Sakura-jima, now under discussion, and also Kirishima should be 

 coordinated with the already mentioned on the northerly prolongation 

 of the same tectonic line, and likewise the central cones of the 

 volcano of Aso in central Kyûshû. 



To go more into detail, the volcanic chain starts from (1) 

 Aguni (Fig. 1, A-^, off the larger island of Okinawa. Then comes 

 (2) the active Tori-shima T, which exploded in 1796, 1868, and 

 April 11, 1903, on its northern prolongation. 



Among the Togara chain, which follows with an interruption 

 of 130 km., on its northward extension dotted with twelve islands, 

 we may only mention here (3) the konide of Akuseki A, , and (4) 

 the burning Suwanosé S^. 



Of the latter we have the record of eruptions in 813, 1811, 

 1827, 1887, 1912, and lastly, on March 21, 1914, when it was 

 spasmodically active every 20-30 minutes, emitting dense clouds, 

 and the quaking of the ground was felt at Oshima at a distance of 

 150 km. The Meteorological Observatory of Kagoshima reported that 

 from June 29, 1915, peculiar shocks were instrumentally recorded, 

 especially on July 1st and 2nd. On the 6th, a Ryûkyû liner, the 

 ' Okinawa Maru,' while coasting Suwanosé, noticed roaring and 



