THE (iKEAT ERUFriOX OF SAKURA-.TIMV IN 1914. 33 



excepting tlie western side ; but seen from the north and south 

 tlie mountain appears perfectly conical. See Text-fig. 10 a. 



The coastal ilat of talus and wash plain supports 11) village 

 groups of 0,134 ménages, sustaining a farming and fishery popu- 

 lation of 27,116. The sunny island produces oranges and gigantic 

 radishes of half a metre in diameter. Horses, pigs and domestic 

 fowls are raised on a large scale.'-* 



B) The Building-up of the Volcano and Topography.^ 

 Sakura-jima is apparently a simple konide sloping at 5° to 30"^, 

 and truncated on the top with a serrated wall (PI. II. Figs. 1-3 ; 

 PL III. Figs. 1-2) ; but the apical crater is really a triple one 

 arranged in meridional direction. The volcano is also, geologically 



1) 2'Ae vegetable zone of ^ft. Sakura-jima. —Fvom. a list of plants registered by the teaching 

 stafiE of the Higher ('ollege of nemlrology, Kagoshima, vre see there are ncj M-ell-delined vegetable 

 zones on the konide of Saktira-jinia as there are on many other moiintains, yet ionr zones can 

 he recognized according to the predomin.ant elements See Fig. 7 on page 34. 



I. The apical zone embracing the belt from the 'JOO-metre contonr-line upward to the top of 

 1,069 m. Among the scanty vegetation in the crateral area may l« mentioned rashes and brush- 

 ■vvood — Imperatn nrunäinacen, Cyr. (chigaki), Misc/mthus sinensis, Ander.s. (suziiki), associated with 

 Fanicum samjubuile, L. (me-hijiwa) and Eleuslne curacana, Gaertn. (shikoloi-bie). On the east 

 slope of the middle crater there is a localized forest of Alnus fiitna, SZ. (yasha-bushi). 



II. The next one is the 500 to i)00-metre zone, represented by a mixed forest of the preceding 

 and the next follo'wlng. Principal elements are Hydrangea virens, Sieb, (galai-utsugi), H. paniculata, 

 Sieb, (nori-utsngi), DieriMla floribunda, SZ. (nishi-utsugi). Viburnum dilatatum, Th. (gama-zumi), 

 Ilex crenata, Th. (inu-tsugé), and Salix saidtana. Seem, (yama-yanagi). 



in. The zone of Finns Thunhergii, Pari, (kiiro-matsu), partly natural and partly i^lanted, 

 Teaches the 500-metre contour above, wliile on the east it is alrea^ly delimited at the 300-metre 

 contour, due probably to its being on the lee of the prevailing winds which cause drought on 

 this side. The lower boundary of the zone lies between 100 to 150 metres. The belt is also a 

 mixed forest, associating with Cryptoineria japonica, Don. (sugi), Ligustrum japonicum, Th. 

 (nezumi-mochi), Thea japonica, (L) î^ois. (tsubald), Stauntoni'i hexaphylla. Dene. (nubé). 



IV. The remainder of the area is the narrow coastal zone on the west and north and a 

 small strip on the south, nearly all being under cultivation. The gardens and orchards are laid 

 out in coarse volcanic soil on slopes. The staple i^roducts are Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad. (suika), 

 Saccharum officinarwn, L. (sato-kibi), Ipomaea batatas, Poir. var. edulis, Mak. (satsuma-imo), 

 JRaphanus sntivus, L. (the well-known large radish), Eriobotrya japonica, Lindl. (biwa), Frunus 

 communis, Huds. (sumomo), and a number of oranges, viz.. Citrus aurantium, L. var. tacMbana, 

 Mak.; var. japonica. Hook (kinkan) ; subsp. sinensis, Engle. (natsu-mikan) ; subsp. nohilis, ^lak. 

 (mikan), and a .Japanese persimmon Diospjyros kaki, L. 



