THE GIÎEAT ERUPTION OF SAKÜRA-JIMA IN 1914. 35 



The fresh South Cone which rests upon the shoulder of the 

 trunk, poured forth J)J(tck lava {Mmaini-dalié lava) sheeting the 

 whole southern flank down to the shore. The Middle Cone, on 

 the other hand, also sent down black lava (Fiitannka lava) only 

 to the (?) eastern slope. In short, the later two cones are adventive 

 to the northern main. 



In the following the writer will shortly characterize the three 

 craters above-mentioned , 



KiTA-DAKK a) The northern coue, Kita-daké or Miliachi (PL III. Fig. 2), 



has a rather deep bottom with a diameter of 500 to 600 m. (iuuer 

 diameters 212-200 ;y^) and a depth of 100 m. (80 m.), and the precipitous 

 wall 1,133 m. high which is the highest point of the volcanic island 

 (PL IL Figs. 1-2). The pumiceons bottom is now clothed with mosses ; 

 and benches of la^'a are exposed to view on the inner cliftj which is a 

 little ruptmed on the east and west sides. 



Naka-daké h) A little apart, southwards from the preceding, lies 



the shallow Naka-dahé (Futanaka or Futatsu-ai) or the middle pit 

 (PL III. Fig. 2 ; PL Y. Fig. 1, M) with a N.-S. diameter of 400 m., an 

 E.-W. of 200 m., and a depth t)f only 35 m., the highest point of the 

 wall being 1,000 m. It sits npon the cliiT of the crater-bottom, 250 m. 

 deep, of the South Cone or Minami-daké. The ash-covered bottom is 

 clothed with mosses and shrul)s. In ancient times it -was full of water, 

 and it was said to rise and fall ^\ii\\ the tides. That it is comparatively 

 a neiu one is testified by the x^resence of vents of solfataras, although 

 they are now entirely extinct. The eruption of 1779 started in this 

 veuthole, or somewhere from its outer slope. ^^ 



Watanabe-^ says, this is tlie oldest of the three pits, ^\'hile the late 



1) It was commonly said at the time tliat the eruption began at Futanaka (^ tfi) or the 

 crotch between the north and soath craters. Some say at the southern one. We need not ha 

 very particxilar about the location of the first subaërial eruption; for, at that time the entire 

 apical region or indeed the whole mountain was in a state of paroxysmal conviilsion. 



2) S. Watanabé, ' On the Volcano of Sakura-jima.' Jour. Geoijr. Tokyo. Ko. 289, 1913. 

 (Japanese). Friedlaender is of the same view as Watanalie. 



