72 ART. 3.— L. KOTÔ : 



iiiuöt have observed when walking on the western shore. 



The early morning was dnsky with a rain of ash blown by 

 First Ash- the soutlieasters over the city — the first ash-fall in 



FALL IN 



kagoshima Kagosldma.^^ The boisterous activity, however, relaxed 

 a httle at about 10a.m., while the 'live' lava was, it seemed to 

 the writer, copiously pouring out from the vents. 



^ ^^ About noon, when the clouds cleared oft' a little. 



The Noon, 



Lava-flow ^.^^^ l^y'îx was for the fivst Hme sccu near the Yunohira 

 vents, crawling in a yellow band down the slope toward Yoko- 

 yama on the shore. In a photo of the morning of the 13th, one 

 can see, however, the lava already covering nearly half of the 

 western lava-field (PL V. Fig. 3). 

 The 13th From 8 P.M. to 4 A.M. of tlic ucxt mornino^ the real 



iSlGHT, THE *= 



"ebuptwn eruptions''^ accompanied with air -concussions and roar- 

 ings (actual earthquakes being comparatively few) attained 

 their climax from the Yunohira ventholes. The eastern^^^ Nabé- 

 yama vents also seemed to rival the western. The main outpour- 

 ing^^ of fluent lava on the west was accomphshed during these 



1) The town Myazaki, 80 km. from the volcano, was enveloped in darkness at 1 p.m. caused 

 by the ash-fall which already began at 1.45 a.m., so that people had recourse to candles and 

 electric light. At Tadotsu in Shikokii, slight air-concussions were felt during the whole night 

 on the 12 th, and on the 13th the sky was misty, accompanied with ash-fall, and the wind was 

 rather cold. On the next day, the 14th, ash fell in Tokyo at a distance of 1,000 km. (PI. XXIII. 

 Fig. 8.) 



2) Not the eruptions of ash and pumice. Most writers assign the fir.^t effusion of lava to 

 have taken place from 7 to 8 p.m. of the I3th ; but in reality it began to well out at least prior 

 to the great earthquake at 0.29 p.m. of the 12th (see Frontispiece). See p. 67, footnote 2. 



3) Ash and pumice, which were deposited on the Nabé-yama side to «a thickness of a 

 metre, fell chiefly from the 12th, 2 p.m. to the 13th noon. These explosive ejectamenta were 

 thrown out before the main eruption of the fluent magma, jjrobably from higher vents. 



4) Text-fig 18 h. — The consolidated lava margin hanging on the southern slope of the Yuno- 

 hira hill, just below the Yunohira vent (the vent No. 2 in Fig. 19). The picture iUustrates the 

 case that fluent lava occupies a large volume, which when the lava consolidates diminishes 

 in bulk, leaving the sohdified crust in a hanging wall. The reduction of volt;me may also be 

 caused by the slipping down of the still molten portion of magma in the interior of ]a\'a-ina.'-s 

 whereby giving an opportuuity to secondary lava-flows. 



