80 ART. 3. — B. KOTü : 



^^^ Ash was raining on the city and the distant view was 



just like an ink-black cloud-bnrst precipitating there. The weather 

 was dull and rather cool, due perhaps to the absorption of the 

 sun's rays by the warm ash cloud — a slight trace of the glacial 

 period (PL VII. Fig. 2). The writer luckily escaped breathing 

 the unhealthy ash which is, as the microscope reveals, nothing 

 more than fragments of hypersthene and plagioclase crystals and 

 minute sphnters of brown glass (PI. XXIII. Fig. 7). In the after- 

 noon, the wind changed, blowing brownish wet ash-clouds toward 

 us on the northeast coast, like sleet}^ An interesting fact was 

 noticed by people, that, where the land was thickly covered with 

 ash and dry, the sleet driven by the storm roUed over in grains 

 ^g^_ and produced ash hailstone. It is the cendre granulée-^ 



PISOLITE ^^ pisolite.^^ The same rock occurs interstratified in 

 the crater-wall of the volcano Mihara in Oshima at the entrance 

 of Tokyo Bay. The writer was given a specimen by S. Nakamura, 

 who made a collection of the rock, besides black Pole's Hair or 

 gUiss cotton. 



The status on the citu side was not observed by anyone, as 

 the whole island was wrapped in a thick ash cloud. The islet of 

 Karasu-jima near ^Vkamizu now became almost a portion of the 



1) In all the works on volcanoes, and in the chapters on volcanoes in geological and 

 geographical textbooks, shoicers are mentioned as one of the usual attendant phenomena during 

 eniption by electric discharges in the steam-column that ascends from the crater. Mud-fiuvs 

 (•moya' or ' frane ') are mainly attributed to this cause. The writer for a long time hesitated to 

 admit the correctness of this statement. There were no showers at the moment of explosion of 

 3îandai-san in 1888. During the present activity the weather was fine from January 10th to 

 Febniary 8th, excepting occasional mizzles, which were no doubt caused by ascending clouds. 

 During this long interval all the phases of volcanicity were in full display, and there must have 

 been many opportunities present for cloud-bursts, if they really occur as is tisually stated in 

 textl)Ooks ; Init the writer never heard of, or saw any mud-flows excepting occasional ash-sleet, 

 altluAigh the ash was abundantly deposited all round Kagoshima Bay. 



2) Lacroix, ' La Montagne Pelée et ses éruptions.' Paris, 190-4, p. 420. 



3) I. l-'riedlaender, , Feber die Kleinformen der vulkanischen Producte.' Zeitschr, f. 

 Vulkanologie, Bd. 1. i:)14, S. .37. 



