THi: cniEAT j:iîurTioN of sakuiîa-jima in iyi4. 85 



The lava on this side crawled into the sea already on the 16th, 

 and now almost choked up the straits of Séto, exhaling a 'series 

 of white saline vapors, as in the above picture, Fig. 23, from black 

 heads of black lava above the level of yellowish water (36" C). 

 Arimura, Waki, and Séto were all enveloped in vapors and smoke, 

 and nothing was visible. The writer could not approach the lava 

 end. See PL VII. Fig. 3. 



Jan. 1ÜTH Three ventholes were active on the city-side. Karasu- 

 jima disappeared (PI. VIIL Fig. 1), being entirely overrun by lava 

 w^hich was moving forwards into the sea, according to the w^riter's 

 calculation at the rate of 5.(3 m. per hour^^ boiling at its front 

 and exhaling now somewhat bluish vapors. A s h began to precipi- 

 tate again on the city from 2.20 a.m., the fall attained its maxi- 

 mum at (3 A.M., and almost cleared off at 7 v.M. The ash deposit 

 was 3 mm. thick and 07 (jrams per sq. m. The ejection of ash is, 

 according to the writer's view, always an effect of either the 

 opening of a new vent, or the falling in of the margin of a 

 venthole in consequence of temporary exhaustion of a lava-reservoir. 

 Where the explosion took place this time and what was the cause 

 of it, was not known to the writer, as he was not close to any 

 of the vents. The same was true for all the later explosions and 

 ash-falls. 



At Fukuyama (the east side) it was dusky from nightfall. 

 The writer met with brownish misty ash-faU in rather dry and 

 warm weather all the way from Fukuyama back to Kokubu on 

 the northern shore of Kagoshima Bay. At Kokubu tlie writer 

 lieard strong cannonades and air-concussions at 1.8 p.:\i. and 

 1.21 P.M., and a rather sharp one at 2.50 p.m. 



After three days' absence during a trip in Osumi, the writer 



1) Footnote, ]>. 76. The rate of flow Ijecame ikiw greater. 



