THE GllEAÏ ERUPTION OF SAKUEA-JLAIA IN 1914. 115 



vents of Sakiira-jima, when bluish wliite fumes of wet disagree- 

 able odor were exhaling from the interstices of the loose pile of 

 block lava (Pis. XIV. and XV.). They gave acid reactions with abun- 

 dant H.,S and a little SO., showing thus the sulphureted-hydrogen 

 fumarolic, or acid solfafaric stage coi'respondhig to a temperature 

 of 100°-200X\ Sulphur w^as being deposited on the walls through 

 the reaction of steam upon H.S. Tests on HCl and SOs gave 

 negative results. 



The lava-streams flow^ed down on both sides 



Laya-floav 



^ ^^^ directly into the sea, as in the late Sawaiian eruption, 



calmly generating saline vapor on contact with water, which w^as 

 constantly driven, landwards by convection current, and wdiich 

 enveloped the whole lava- field in dense white clouds (PL VI. 

 Fig. 2, PI. VII. Fig. 1). The lava margin was white with the 

 bubbling up of w^ater. The writer anticipated some damages in 

 orchards and forests from salt vapor^^ as in Samoa ; but the effect 

 was fortunately not pronounced. 



People frequently spoke of and the writer also noticed that 

 a few metres off the lava front an isolated spiral column of white 

 steam ascended from the sea bottom almost vertically in a narrow 

 thread to a considerable height. It is the wliirlsteam or Ferret's 

 tromba'\ which was constantly changing its position. On land, 

 the same wliirlsteam was frequently seen in tlie unconsolidated 

 lava-field, as in tlie lava-stream from the vent No. 5 of Nabé- 

 yama. 



1) This saline steam or Yushhco ('(^ |g), meaning hot saline bath, inflicted considerable 

 damage npon crops on the northwestern shore of Kagoshima Bay during the An-ei eruption os 

 3779. 



2) Zeitsdir. f. Valkanulogie, Bd. I. S. 148, 1914. The writer conjectures the cause of thi- 

 pecuUar gaseous emission to be a forcible escape of comiDressed steam through a narrow orifice 

 at the end of a lava-tunnel, local chamber or the like, perhaps mixed with mist of sea-water 

 See p. 109. PI. XII. Fig. 2 (h). 



