116 ART. 3. — B. KOTÔ : 



In passing, it may be noted that white vapor arising from 

 lava-fields both on land and sea (PL IX. Fig. 1) are especially dense 

 after rain, owing to the evaporation of rain water and also to the 

 condensation of saturated atmospheric moisture blown toward the 

 dry and liot interior by convection current.^' 

 Tempera- The tomperaturcs^^ of water on the west at the 



TUEE OF 



Sea-watek firgt phase of the lava immersion were reported to be 

 45° to 50° near the lava front, and 38° at a distance of 100 m. 

 Temperature observations were carried out by a party of the 

 Kyûsliû University at the lava front near the shore at Arimura, 

 on the east, at the end of January, 1914. From the surface to a 

 dejjth of Ô m. thermometers read from 50^-60°, while at the 

 bottom it ranged from 20.5° to 27°, the temperature of the air 

 being constantly at 10°. The writer was on the same spot on 

 April 18th, 1914, and could not approach the lava front witliin a 

 reach of 100 7n., as it was too hot ; but ten metres away from that 

 limit, one could take a warm bath comfortably. 



The sea water seems to have been heated by direct contact 

 with lava as well as by radiation of subaërial hot lava, which 

 action was confined within the narrow horizontal extent of about 

 100 m. (PI. VII. Fig. 1) and the shallow layer of a little over 5 m. 

 These ascertained data will be of some service in the study of 

 océanographie subjects. 

 T3 The writer heard froui villagers at Futagawa on 



ISHES ^1^^ Osumi coast that they saw shoals of ilat lying 



fishes driven ashore on January lOtli in a^ half Iwiled condition. 



1) See page 110. 



2) On January 28th, N. Yamasaki (see ante, p. 56, I.e. p. 6) observed at the lava front the 

 surface temperature of water varying from 45.5° to 48°. At a distance of 200 m. it was 30^ (a 

 considerable decrease), at 300 r/).. 21°, and at 600 to 1500 «(., 19.5°. From 2,000 «i. it was normal. 

 In the Sawaiian eruption of 1902, it is said, according to I. Friedlacnder, to have been from 

 50° to 60° C. 



