126 _ ART. 3. — B. KOTÔ: 



p. 65), and the explosion gases ascended up to 70 to 80 hn. As 

 it was above the lower limit of the zone (11 A'??î.) oj windless 

 constant temperature (-GO°C), the Sakura-jima dust may have 

 remained in suspension for a long time. 



It is here to be remarked that the height calculated from Ku- 

 shino, far away west of the city is 7,272 m., that estimated from the 

 war ship ' Tone ' anchored near Taniyama is 8,181 m. The volcanic 

 gases, which accompanied the eruption, must have ascended still 

 higher and pressed up the zone of constant temperature to a cooler 

 region, causing copious precipitations of rain. The writer has fre- 

 quently asserted that the cloud-burst, however, did not occur with 

 a rain of mud ; on the contrary the first phase of eruption happened 

 in fine weather. Possibly the recent eruption of Sakura-jima was 

 more or less of the anhydrous character {see p. 92). 

 ^y^'^ ^^ Major portions of fine éjecta floated in the higlier 



"mEßl' atmosphere and were transported eastwards by the 



constant upper current of a westerly wind. Ash fell in the 

 four provinces of Satsuma, Osumi, Hyûga and Higo in soutliern 

 Kyushu. (Text-fig. 26). At Miyazaki (80 hn.) in Hyûga it rained 

 from 1.45 a.m. of the 13tli. The whole Chiigoku region of Honshu 

 was hazy on the same day. The island of Shikoku, especially the 

 southern half, was the heavy precipitation area. In Osaka, dust 

 fell slightly from noon of the 13tli till tlie morning of the 14tli. 

 Thence eastwards it became thinner, and in Tokyo, at a distance 

 of 1,000 hn. from Sakura-jima, it fell from the morning of the 

 14tli. The same thing happened in the eruption of 1779. It is 

 not surprising that dust fell in Tokyo ; for, the Icelandic eruption 

 (Rudloff crater) of 1875 precipitated dust at Stockholm after 30 

 hours at a distance of 250 miles (1,900 A;??!.), and the Krakatoa 

 eruption at a distance of 2,500 hn. 



