THE BIRDS OB' NORTH KANARA. 47 



Arbail in February, 181'3. The only egg I obtained was taken on the 

 9th March, 1893, a few miles east of Sirsi, and was brought to me 

 with the old bird which had been caught on the nest. 



1062. LOPHOCEROS BIROSTRIS, Scop. 



This hornbill is found sparingly along the east of the district from 

 Halyal to Runwasi (east of Sirsi). It is not found, as far as I know, 

 further than about twelve miles from the eastern frontier. It breeds 

 in March and April, and I found several nests about Ekambe (east of 

 Sirsi), and no doubt, had I taken any trouble, I could have found them 

 in other places also. 



1063. LoPHocEROs GRisEUs, Lath. 



This is the common Kanara hornbill, and it is common everywhere 

 from the coast to within ten or twelve miles of the eastern border. 

 It there meets L. birostris^ and in some places Iioth species occur. I have 

 taken many nests Avith eggs from the end of February to the beginning 

 of April ; they generally contained three eggs, but I have found four 

 in a few cases. 



1066. Upupa epops, Linn. 



A cold weather visitor both above and below the Ghats .; noticed 

 occasionally from November to March. 



1067. Upupa indica, Reich. 



A permanent resident above the Ghats, but scarce except in the 



forests of Mundgode, Yellapur, and Halyal. I took a nest with five 



eggs much incubuted in the Yellapur taluka on the 6th April, 1894, 



and I have seen other nests but in places it was troublesome to cut out. 



1068. Cypselus melba, Linn. 



A permanent resident. Enormous numbers breed in cracks in the 

 cliffs near the top of the Gairsoppa waterfall. They breed in Febru- 

 ary and probably later, and no doubt the specimens seen at all seasons 

 come there to roost, as in the evenings they pour in long afler dark. 

 1072. Cypselus leuconyx, Blyth. 



This is the common Kanara swift, and may be known on the wing 

 from C. affinis by the tail being forked, making the bird look much larger. 



It appears in large flocks occasionally at Karwar during the rains, 

 and all along the coast it may be found in the cold weather for two or 

 three evenings consecutively when it disappears for often lengthened 

 periods. I have seen it in considerable numbers on the ridge of the 



