SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS IN CUTCH. 179 



and reaches a height of 300 feet above the Ran. In the three localities south 

 of the same hills the occurrence is very instructive. Here a long east-and- 

 west valley is bounded on the north side by gently sloping surfaces, and on 

 the other or south side by a long and very uniform escarpment. This, how- 

 ever, is broken at one place where the pass over the summit crosses, and 

 shows a kind of notch in the outline which is the only spot where the 

 subrecent concrete occurs. It here reaches its highest elevation, being not 

 more than 100 feet below the summit of the escarpment, and therefore about 

 700 feet above the level of the Ran. Towards the east the valley closes in, 

 and we reach the watershed below some high hills. It is on the west 

 side of this watershed that the greater part of these deposits of concrete 

 occurs, while there is very little on the east. (See fig. 10 in Mr.Wynne's memoir). 

 On the south side of the Jhurio Hills there is a fairly continuous encircling 

 scarp which faces north. The main drainage of the southern slopes of the 

 inner hills escapes through a gorge in this scarp, which at one time was 

 fairly broad, but is now nearly choked up by the concrete, while within the 

 scarp we find the concrete spreading out as a thick white mantle over a square 

 mile of the slopes beyond. Notwithstanding this, the outer slopes of the 

 scarp, up to within a few hundred yards of the gorge, are quite bare, the solid 

 rocks being everywhere visible. At Bhujia Hill tbe deposit is found in a 

 semicircular valley which opens on the south. Between Ler and Jadura 

 there is a long east-and-west valley opening to the east, and this is almost 

 entirely bare ; but at one place a basaltic dyke crosses the valley like a wall, 

 and on the west side of it the concrete is piled up in places to its summit. 

 A. similar phenomenon may be seen in the valley north-west of Godpur. 

 Where the Mandvi road crosses the Charwar range, it traverses in one place 

 a valley whose streams run west, and in this valley we find the concrete on the 

 north side resting against the Jurassic prominences as seen near the Mandvi 

 road. Farther east the locality Khedoi, where Mr, Wynne records this 

 concrete, is situated in a semicircle eroded back from the general line of the 

 trap-escarpment. 



In structure these deposits are very uniform. Leaving out of consideration 

 for the present the large stones derived from the nearest solid rocks, which 

 they sometimes contain, they consist of fine particles very slightly agjgluti- 

 nated, so that a blow of the hammer shatters them to dust. Some southern 

 varieties however are tougher, and are used for building, while on reaching 

 the extreme north-east in Bela we find them scarcely consolidated at all. 

 They are for the most part obliquely laminated, and in this case the slope of 

 the laminae in the part of the deposit nearest to the sohd rock is in the 

 direction of that rock. 



In composition the majority are mostly white sand, cemented only with cal- 

 careous matter. In the more southerly exposures there are calcareous particles 

 also, but I have not seen any that are truly oolitic. The complete rounding of 



