180 JOURNAL, nOMBA t NA TURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. Xlt. 



the particles gives the rock that appearance, especially in the deposit near 

 Kotae; but on examination they appear to be organic fragments, and there 

 are white specks which consist of little-worn miliolines. These organisms 

 belong, of course, to the deposit itself ; but the concrete is in the habit of 

 enclosing what it linds on the spot. Thus at Bhujia Hill it is full of the 

 fragments of trap that have fallen from the summit ; on the Kas scarp it 

 encloses the little BuUminus which is now living in the district; and in Bela 

 it is said to enclose human bones, though it is not stated definitely that the 

 deposit there was undisturbed. 



Such are the facts with which we have to deal in attempting to discover 

 the origin of these curious deposits. Their constant association with hills, 

 and their occurrence in the glens, might suggest at first that they are a rain- 

 wash, more or less transported by rapidly descending water, on account of 

 their lamination. But this seems impossible. In some cases no doubt the 

 solid rocks might yield the sand^ but it would be ferruginous, not white, and 

 such sandstone-rocks would yield very little calcareous matter. But in other 

 cases there is no sand in the neighbourhood at all. Thus in the Gora Don- 

 gar all the hills are of limestone, and the deposits are at the very summit. 

 The same may be said of the deposit in the Jhiirio Hills and in Bela, while 

 the miliolines at Kotae cannot possibly lie of local derivation. Moreover, 

 the deposits lie on a great variety of rooks, and yet have an uniform charac- 

 ter. We may therefore dismiss this explanation. 



Another alternative is that they are marine deposits. This would involve a 

 depression, in quite recent times, of 700 feet or more, and would in no way 

 account for their peculiar local distribution nor for their lamination. One 

 might also expect marine shells when delicate Bulimlni and tiny miliolines 

 have been preserved. But greater than all other difficulties is that of their 

 loose porous character, 80 far as my experience goes, no deposits that have 

 been laid down in water are of similar character. The water invariably aids 

 the particles in packing together at their closest, and with such materials as 

 these they would form a solid rock. 



There remains, so far as I can see, but one other alternative, and that is that 

 they are seolian in origin, and this will, I think, be found to account for all 

 their peculiarities. It would need, however, a strong wind to raise sand up 

 to 700 feet in one place and 560 feet in another, and carry the miliolines 

 from the nearest sea. We must therefore enquire whether there are such 

 winds in Cutch. 



The Meteorological Office in Simla publishes every day a series of obser- 

 vations showing, amongst other things, the average rate per hour for the last 

 24 hours and the direction of the wind at 8 a.m. We cannot gather from 



Mr. Wynne [op. cU. p. 103) speaks of a small patch of littoral concrete full of ehell-casta 

 on the norlhcm side of Patcham, about 20 feet above the Ean ; but he does not classify this 

 with the "flubrecent" concrete, which he says i-; unfosiliferous 



