INDIAN DUCKS AND THEIR ALLIES. 445 



The internal structure is also different, the laljA-rinth of the trachea 

 being differently formed, being enlarged on both sides downwards in 

 Querguedula but on one side only and upwards in Nettion. 



There are five species of which four are confined to America, the 

 fifth alone visiting India in winter. All five are birds of much the 

 same size. 



(28) QUERQUEDULA CIRCIA. 

 The Garganey or Blue-iving Teal. 



Anas circia, Legge, " Birds of Ceylon," p. 1080. 



Querqved\ila circia, Jerdon, " Birds of India," III, p. 807 ; Hume, 

 "Nests and Eggs," p. 644; Hume, "Str. Feath.," I, p. 202 ; Adam, ibid, 

 p. 402 ; Hume, ibid, III, p. 193 ; LeMes, Ibid^ p. 382 ; Butler, Ibid^ 

 IV, p. 30 ; Scully, ibid, p. 201 ; Butler, ibid, Y, p. 234 ; Hume and 

 Davison, ibid, VI, p. 489 ; Butler, VII, p. 1S8 ; Ball, ibid, p. 232 ; 

 Oripps, ibid, p. 312 ; Hume, ibid, p. 494 ; id., Uat. No. 965 ; " Str. 

 Feath.," VIII, p. 115; Scully, ibid, p.-::i63 ; Hume and Marshall, 

 '♦ Game Birds of India," III, p 215 ; Vidal, " Str. Feath.," IX, p. 93; 

 'Bnthv,ibkl, p. 438 ; Beid, ibid, p. 83 ; Hume, ibid, p. 418 ; Gates, "Birds 

 of British Burmah," II, p. 286 ; Barnes, " Birds of Bombay," p. 410 ; 

 Hume, " Str. Feath.," XI, p. 346 ; id. " Nests and Eggs," (Gate's edi- 

 tion), III, p.291; Salvadori, Oat. "Birds of British I.iuseum," XXVII, 

 p. 293 ; Blanford, Avifauna, IV, p. 449. 



Description : Adult Male. — Crown and nape deep brown, lighter on 

 the forehead, where it is more or less streaked with white, and some- 

 times with a faint gloss at the sides. A broad superciliary stripe 

 from in front of the eye down the sides of the nape white ; chin 

 black ; remainder of the head and neck rich bright chocolate 

 streaked with white ; back, rump, upper tail covei-ts and tail brown, 

 the feathers all edged paler or greyish-brow-n, inner scapulars black 

 glossed green with broad wide central streaks and narrow white 

 margins, outer scapulars the same but with the outer webs broadly 

 blue-grey ; wing coverts bright pale french-grey, the greater ones 

 broadly edged white forming a wing bar ; outer secondaries brown- 

 grey glossed green and tipped white ; quills brown, the inner prima- 

 ries greyish broadly edged greyish white ; breast brown with black 

 or dark brown markings, concentric on the upper breast, in the form 

 of bars on the lower breast, gradually changing one into the other ; 



