ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 73 



changes in acidity and alkalinity. It shows kata- or anataxis, according 

 to the degree of concentration. 



In Colpidmm and other forms the locomotor reactions are more 

 complex than Jennings described. Each reaction is a simple or com- 

 pound reflex by Avhich the organism reacts to external or internal 

 stimuli. Galvanotaxis, geotaxis, and other expressions of irritability are 

 discussed by the author, and the results of experiments submitted. 



SpirochsBt of Earthworm. * — J. W. Cropper describes under the 

 name Spirochseta Inmhrici sp. n. a parasite which occurs within some of 

 the epithelial cells of the seminal vesicles of the earthworm. The para- 

 sitic " bodies " closely resemble " Kurloff's bodies " found witliin the 

 lymphocytes of guinea-pigs, and by means of the jelly-method of exam- 

 ination, the development of the bodies in the earthworm's cells was 

 traced till they formed free Spirochaets. The same has been recently 

 done in regard to Kurloff's bodies, which have been shown to be para- 

 sites {Leucocytozoon cohayae). 



Spirochaets of Marine Fishes.j — 0. Duboscq and C. Lebailly find 

 that Spirochfets are common in the posterior intestine and rectum of 

 Gadid« and Scombridae. In the rectum of the cod abundant material 

 for the study of Treponema gadi can be readily procured. Some are free, 

 some are implanted on the cells (deceptively like cilia), and some intra- 

 cellular. The intracellular stages lead to the formation of ring-forms, 

 which seem to represent resting and resistant phases. It is pointed 

 out that only four species of sanguicolous Spirochaets are as yet known 

 in fishes — they occur in Glarias angolensis, Pelamys sarda, Gadus minu- 

 ius, and G.pollachius. 



Studies on Trypanosomes. — Sir David Bruce, D. Harvey, A. E. 

 Hamerton, J. B. Davey, and Lady Bruce | have studied the Trypano- 

 some causing disease in man in Nyasaland. The species is T. rhodiense 

 (Stephens and Fantham), nearly related to T. h-ucei and T. gambiense^ 

 but distinct. The " Kaodzera " disease it causes is different from the 

 Sleeping Sickness of Uganda and the West Coast of Africa. 



They also describe § T. simiae sp. n. which sets up a chronic disease 

 in goats, but is chiefly remarkable for its rapidly fatal action on monkeys. 

 It has a very distinctive structure. It is carried by Glossina morsitans 

 in Nyasaland. 



Polymorphism of Trypanosoma gambiense.|| — Muriel Robertson 

 finds that T. gaynhiense is a polymorphic species, with a continuous 

 range of variation. The shorter forms of 14-20 /x constitute the normal 

 adult blood type. The intermediate individuals (20-24 /x) are growth- 

 forms and lead to the long forms (23-33 /x), which are those about to 

 divide. The polymorphism is thus due to growth and division pheno- 



* Proc. R. Soc, Series B, Ixxxv. (1912) No. B 582, pp. 525-7 (1 pL). 



t Arch. Zool. Exp6r., x. (1912) pp. 331-69 (1 pi ). 



X Proc. R. Soc, Ixxxv. (1912) No. B 581, pp. 423-33 (2 pis.). 



§ Proc. K Soc, Ixxxv. (1912) No. B581, pp. 477-81 (1 pi.). 



il Proc. R. Soc, Ixxxv. (1912) No. B582, pp. 527-39 (13 figs.). 



