Notes on Chirocephalus diccphanus and Artemia saline 253 



or chloroform, this appendage becomes uncoiled, and this and tlie 

 normal condition of the male antenna may be seen in slides 10 

 and 11. 



Ai^temia salina. — Although this has become extinct in Britain, 

 there is probably no Pliyllopod whicli is now better known here 

 than the brine shrimp. The living larvae may always be had in a 

 few days. It may be remembered that in Knowledge of June 

 1910, there was an article by Dr. Caiman on the development of 

 Artemia salina from ova remaining in Tidman's sea-salt. So 

 widely prevalent are these ova that is difficult to meet with sea- 

 salt which does not contain some. In the article mentioned. Dr. 

 Caiman says it is only necessary to dissolve eight ounces of the 

 salt in five pints of ordinary water, and in a few days the larvte 

 will be hatched out. It is extremely easy to follow the develop- 

 ment from the ovum to the adult. 



After the salt has dissolved, the solution should be strained 

 through silk or muslin, and the remainim^ debris transferred to 

 small dishes, and the ova picked out by a pipette. If these are 

 kept under observation in a little of the original solution, the 

 larvte will be seen to hatch out from about the fifth day. 



The development proceeds exactly on the same lines as that 

 described for Chirocejjhalus. The larvse should be transferred to 

 larger portions of the original solution, with plenty of the deposit 

 from the same, as this affords some food. In the rearing of 

 Artemia much depends upon the food supply. In a paper read 

 before the Society in March 1883, I suggested as food for aquatic 

 animals, portions of the vegetation found with them. This was to 

 be triturated with water, strained through muslin, and portions of 



the resultino' fluid added to the water containing the animals. 



~ 1 . 



The fluid in which Artemia are raised being a strong brine, 

 precludes any vegetation, but by taking some of the growth from 

 the sides of well-established marine aquaria, and treating this as 

 described, and adding small portions to the original brine, a fairly 

 satisfactory food may be had. Thus treated, Artemia salina is 

 easily reared, but all those so raised are females, which may grow 

 to maturity and give rise to a new generation of females. I do 

 not know of any record of a male Artemia having been raised. 



Sea-salt is very largely manufactured on the Mediterranean 

 coasts, for use in fish-curing. Through the kindness of my friend 

 Mr. John Pullman, of Parkstone, I received from Norway some of 

 the Mediterranean salt which had been imported for this purpose, 

 and which came originally from Trepani in Sicily. This salt was 

 very clean, and contained few ova, which all hatched into females. 

 Some more of this Trepani salt was obtained from the bottom of 

 the packages. This was very dirty and discoloured. To give the 

 best chance of development, a vase was filled with ordinary sea- 

 water early in May, and exposed to full sunshine for some three 



