302 SUMMAKY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



they frequently exhibit as a result of differences in external conditions, 

 for example, in flowing; and still water, or at different seasons of the 

 year. Hence Cardot has found it convenient to arrange the genus in 

 six sections containing species of first, second, third, or fourth rauk. 

 Species of first rank show no transitions. Those of the lower ranks are 

 not always clearly delimited. The European F. antipyretica is paralleled 

 in North America by F. antipyretica Ym\ yigantea, F. neomexicana, etc., 

 which are not present in Europe. Some new species and forms are 

 described, and a key to the Connecticut species is given. 



Exotic Mosses.*— G. Koth pubhshes a supplement to the first 

 volume of his Aussereuropaischen Laubmoose, issued in 1910-11. He 

 gives descriptions and figures of recently created species of the 

 following genera :—Andresea (7 species), Neuroloma (1;, ArcMdium (1), 

 Brucliia (1, and emendations), Pleuridium (2), AscMsma (1), Trachy- 

 carpidiwn (1), Acaidon (1), Lorentziella (1), Ejjhemerum (1), Nano- 

 mitrium (1), Trematodon (8). They come from all parts of the world. 



Thallophyta. 

 Algae. 



(By Mes. E. S. Gepp.) 



Morphology of AlgSB.t — L. K. Rosenvinge, in his text-book of 

 cryptogamic botany (an offshoot of Warming's Systematiske Botanik), 

 gives an unusually full account of the Alga^, dividing them into the 

 following classes : — Flagellata, Dinoflagellata, Diatomese, Chlorophycese, 

 Ph^ophycea3, Rhodophycese, and giving a general description of their 

 morphology and reproduction, illustrated by numerous figures. The 

 text is in Danish. 



Flagellata and. Primitive Algae. |—F. Cavers is pubhshiug a series 

 of chapters on recent work on Flagellata and primitive Alga3. 



1. Introduction. Klebs first treated the Flagellata from a botanical 

 point of view ; and his views, that this group, while giving off the 

 Protozoa, also yields several lines of descent leading to the lower Algas, 

 are in the main confirmed by recent authors. At the same time the 

 phylogenyof the Alga3 has become better known — especially. the Cldoro- 

 phyce^e. Any attempt to divide the Flagellata into an animal group 

 and a plant group is quite unnatural and is rendered impossible by 

 transitional forms. As to the phylogeny of the Alg^, the blue-green 

 group is probably related to the Bacteria somehow ; the green Alga? can 

 be traced to two distinct sources among the green Flagellata ; the 

 brown Alg» have been traced to Flagellata with brown chromatophores ; 

 the red Algse may have arisen from the brown. It is generally assumed 

 that the earliest organisms were autotrophic (photosyntbetic) ; but 

 A^iillemin has shown that photosyntbetic organisms may have been 



* Hedwigia, liii. (1913) pp. 81-98 (2 pis. and fig.). 



t Sporeplanteriie (Kryptogamerne). Kiobenhavn : Gyldendalske Boghandel, 

 1913, pp. 39-132 (figs.); 



t New Phytologist, xii. (1913) pp. 28-36, 78-83 (3 figs.). 



