392 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



The spores of a cyst exhibit a process of physiological degeneration 

 operating in a centrifugal direction. 



It is emphasized that the envelope of the cyst is elaborated entirely 

 by the host, and that the spherical grannies of the median segment of 

 the spore represent so many karyosomes extruded from the nuclear area. 

 Each granule is a " pyrenosome " — to use the term applied by Yigier to 

 similar formations in the glandular cells of Metazoa. The process may 

 be the equivalent of a sexual process, for its consequence is the re- 

 establishment of a normal caryo-cytoplasmic relation. 



Intestinal Parasites of Tadpoles.* — B. Collin has especially studied 

 the tadpoles of Alytes obstetricans, and found, besides bacteria, a con- 

 siderable number of interesting Protozoa. He describes Entamceba 

 (Ldschia) ranarum Grassi (with direct and also somewhat complex nuclear 

 division), Mastigina liylse (with a flagellum inserted in the nucleus), 

 Chilomastix caulleryi, and otlier Flagellates ; Nyctotherus cordiformis and 

 Opalina cincta sj^. n. among Ciliata. 



New Ellobiopsid.f — B. Collin describes Parallobiopsis coutieri 

 g. et sp. n., frgm the abdominal limbs, the gills, and the internal surface 

 of the cephalothorax of Nebalia bipes. It is a strange parasite, which 

 ranks beside Ellobiopsis Caullery — Ellobiocystis and Staphylocystis 

 Coutiere— problematical forms which may be provisionally placed near 

 the parasitic Peridinids. The organism was fixed to the chitin by a 

 circular sucker : its body is divided by partitions ; the basal joint is 

 followed by a clearly marked zone of rapid growth — a sort of meristem ; 

 the dimensions may be 150 /x by 50 /x. There is an interesting nuclear 

 dimorphism — trophic macronuclei and germinative micronuclei. In the 

 distal joint the micronuclei are elongated, and arranged in a peripheral 

 layer as if before sporulation. 



* Arch. Zool. Exper., ii. (1913) pp. 59-76 (12 figs.), 

 t Comptes Rendus, clvi. (1913) pp. 1332-4. 



